Background
Methods
Criteria of research
Search strategy
Asthma diagnosis
BMI criteria
Author | Sample | country | Exposure categorization method | Age group (year) | Asthma Diagnosis | Publication year | Time duration | Quality Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gennuso & et al. [48] | Case:85 | (USA) | Reference data Normal <85, Obese: ≥ 85th <95th.Very obese: ≥ 95th [15] | Case: 4-16 | Physician diagnosed asthma | 1998 | N/R | 80 |
Control:86 | Control:4-16 | |||||||
Vignolo & et al. [49] | Case:554 | (Italy) | BMI- (SDS) units (z-score) | Case: 2.2-16.1 | Physician diagnosed asthma | 2005 | Case: January –December 2001 | 80 |
Control:625 | Control: 2.4–16.3 | Control: April-May 2001 | ||||||
Mansell & et al. [50] | Case:134 | (USA) | Overweight >85th and non overweight <85th (CDC growth charts) | Case: 12-18 | Physician diagnosed asthma | 2006 | N/R | 80 |
Control:82 | Control:12-18 | |||||||
Vargas & et al. [51] | Case:213 | (USA) | Risk for overweight ≥ 85th-<95th/ overweight ≥ 95th (CDC growth charts ) | Case: 3-5 | Physician diagnosed asthma | 2007 | November 2000-December 2003 | 90 |
Control:816 | Control:3-5 | |||||||
Careneiro bertolace & et al. [52] | Case:231 | (Brazil) | Overweight :≥ 85th and Obese: ≥ 95th (CDC growth charts) | Case: 13-14 | Completed ISAAC questionnaire by adolescence | 2008 | March-December 2005 | 80 |
Control:190 | Control:13-14 | |||||||
Henkin & et al. [40] | Case:94 | (USA) (Asian patient) | Underweight<20%, normal 20-85%, risk for overweight 85-95% & Overweight >95% (CDC growth charts | Case: 4-18 | Physician-diagnosed asthma | 2008 | N/R | 100 |
Control:94 | Control:4-18 | |||||||
Walders-Abramson & et al. [53] | Case:59 | (USA) | ≥95th obese,” 85th–95th “overweight,”15 and <85th “normal weight (CDC growth charts) | Case: 10-16 | Physician-diagnosed asthma | 2009 | December 2005-July 2007 | 80 |
Control:59 | Control:10-16 | |||||||
Tsai & et al. [54] | Case:27 | (USA) | Age- and sex-specific cut-off points for childhood by (IOTF) | Case: 9-11 | Parent reported according physician-diagnosed asthma and meds use | 2012 | 2004-2006 | 80 |
Control:27 | Control:9-11 | |||||||
Ahmadi-afshar & et al. [55] | Case:200 | (Iran) | Overweight : BMI>85th and Obese BMI>95th (CDC growth charts) | Case: 6-15 | Physician-diagnosed asthma | 2013 | March-September 2010 | 80 |
Control:200 | Control:6-15 | |||||||
Scepanovic & et al. [16] | Case:354 | (Montenegro) | Based on the BMI percentile values | Case: 6-15 | Physician-diagnosed asthma | 2013 | N/R | 70 |
Control:354 | Control: 6-15 | |||||||
Nahhas & et al. [43] | Case:632 | (Saudi Arabia) | Underweight <5th, Normal 5th-85th, Overweight 85th-94th & obese ≥ 95 (CDC growth charts) | Case: 6-8 | Complete a ISAAC questionnaire by parent | 2014 | N/R | 90 |
Control:632 | Control: 6-8 | |||||||
Forno & et al. [42] | Case:351 | (Puerto Rico) | BMI z scores based on CDC growth charts | Case: 6-14 | Physician-diagnosed asthma | 2014 | March 2009 -June 2010 | 90 |
Control:327 | Control: 6-14 | |||||||
Papoutsakis & et al. [41] | Case:217 | (Greece ) | Age- and sex-specific cut-off points for childhood by (IOTF) | Case: 5-11 | Physician-diagnosed asthma | 2015 | November 2007-September 2010 | 90 |
Control:297 | Control: 5-11 | |||||||
Rice & et al. [56] | Case:287 | (Peru) | Age- and sex-specific cut-off points for childhood by (IOTF) | Case: 9-19 | Physician-diagnosed asthma | 2015 | N/R | 80 |
Control:96 | Control: 9-19 | |||||||
Groth & et al. [57] | Case:61 | (USA) | Underweight <5th, Normal ≥ 5th and < 85th, Overweight ≥ 85th and < 95th obese ≥ 95th (CDC growth charts) | Case: 12-15 | Physician-diagnosed asthma | 2016 | 2002-2004 | 90 |
Control:484 | Control: 12-15 | |||||||
Lawson& et al. [44] | Case:78 | (Canada) | Age- and sex-specific cut-off points for childhood by (IOTF) | Case: 6-14 | Physician-diagnosed asthma | 2017 | 2011 | 100 |
Control:451 | Control: 6-14 |
Article selection
Data extraction
Statistical analyses
Results
Literature search and data collection
Overall OR for overweight individuals
Overall OR for obesity
Overall SMD for asthma and BMI
Subgroup analyses for asthma and overweight / obesity
Variables | Overweight | Obesity | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Study | OR (95% CI) | Study | OR (95% CI) | |
Year of publication | 1998–2008 | 5 | 1.49 (0.84–2.63) | 6 | 1.88 (1.04–3.41) |
2009–2017 | 6 | 1.80 (1.07–3.03) | 8 | 1.90 (1.43–2.53) | |
Age | < 11 year | 2 | 0.86 (0.58–1.29) | 2 | 1.65 (1.26–2.15) |
> 12 year | 3 | 1.30 (0.64–2.64) | 3 | 1.61 (1.09–2.37) | |
Mix | 6 | 2.19 (1.35–3.55) | 8 | 2.27 (1.26–4.06) | |
Gender | Male | 2 | 1.46 (0.64–3.34) | 2 | 1.14 (0.62–2.09) |
Female | 2 | 1.51 (0.88–2.58) | 2 | 1.65 (0.95–2.89) | |
Continents | America | 9 | 1.50 (0.97–2.33) | 10 | 2.21 (1.65–2.98) |
Europe | 1 | 1.86 (1.12–3.10) | 3 | 1.12 (0.70–1.79) | |
Asia | 1 | 3.03 (1.59–5.76) | 1 | 2.84 (1.39–5.81) | |
Sample | < 500 | 8 | 2.00 (1.31–3.04) | 8 | 2.71 (1.80–4.07) |
> 500 | 3 | 1.04 (0.56–1.93) | 6 | 1.41 (0.98–2.03) | |
Report of Asthma | Physician | 10 | 1.69 (1.11–2.56) | 13 | 2.00 (1.42–2.82) |
Parent | 1 | 1.28 (0.70–2.31) | 1 | 1.27 (0.64–2.53) |
Subgroup analyses based on SMD
Variables | Group | Study | SMD (95% CI) Overweight and Obesity |
---|---|---|---|
Year of publication | 1998–2008 | 3 | 0.07 (−0.19–0.32) |
2009–2017 | 7 | 0.26 (0.08–0.45) | |
Age | < 11 year | 3 | 0.40 (0.11–0.68) |
> 12 year | 3 | 0.14 (−0.06–0.35) | |
Mix | 4 | 0.12 (−0.09–0.33) | |
Gender | Male | 3 | 0.35 (0.25–0.44) |
Female | 3 | 0.58 (0.19–0.98) | |
Continents | America | 5 | 0.15 (0.03–0.26) |
Europe | 3 | 0.06 (−0.15–0.26) | |
Asia | 2 | 0.52 (0.35–0.68) | |
Sample | < 500 | 4 | 0.27 (0.04–0.49) |
> 500 | 6 | 0.17 (−0.07–0.41) | |
Report of Asthma | Physician | 8 | 0.17 (0.02–0.31) |
Parent | 2 | 0.31 (−0.23–0.86) |