Introduction
Methods
Patient selection
Restaging, surgery, and adjuvant treatment
Study parameters
Statistical analysis
Results
Entire cohort
Sex ratio, female/male | 0.96 |
Mean age (± SD) | 65 (± 10) |
Mean BMI (± SD) | 23.6 (± 4.16) |
< 18.5 (%) | 37 (8.2) |
18.5–24.9 (%) | 282 (62.1) |
25–29.9 (%) | 105 (23.1) |
≥ 30 (%) | 30 (6.6) |
Performance status at diagnosis | |
0–1 (%) | 397 (87.4) |
2–3 (%) | 58 (12.6) |
Weight loss | |
Weight loss at diagnosis (%) | 294 (64.8) |
Continuous weight loss at restaging (%) | 60 (13.2) |
Jaundice (%) | 264 (58.1) |
Biliary stenting (%) | 272 (59.9) |
Abdominal pain (%) | 293 (64.5) |
Mean CA 19-9 serum level (UI)(±SD) | |
At diagnosis (after jaundice resolution) | 1648 (± 6020) |
Tumor location | |
Head (%) | 315 (69.4) |
Body (%) | 102 (22.5) |
Tail (%) | 37 (8.1) |
Tumor staging | |
Borderline | 336 (74) |
Locally advanced | 118 (26) |
Induction treatment (%) | 454 (100) |
Chemotherapy (%) | 375 (82.6) |
Chemoradiation (%) | 79 (17.4) |
Resection (%) | 142 (31.3) |
Univariate | Multivariate | ||
---|---|---|---|
P
| Hazard ratio |
P
| |
Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) | .37 | – | |
Performance status (0–1 versus 2–3) |
< .01
| 1.6 (1.21–2.11) |
< .01
|
Weight loss at diagnosis |
< .01
| – | |
Continuous weight loss at restaging |
.01
| 9.56 (6.32–14.5) |
< .01
|
Jaundice | .28 | – | |
Pain | .12 | – | |
CA 19-9 level | .08 | – | |
Tumor location (head versus body/tail) | .54 | – | |
Tumor staging (BRPC versus LAPC) |
< .01
| – | |
Resection |
< .01
| .38 (.284–.513) |
< .01
|
Resected patients
Type of surgery | |
PD | 102 (71.8) |
Total pancreatectomy | 6 (4.3) |
Distal pancreatectomy | 34 (23.9) |
Vascular resection (%) | 95 (66.9) |
Venous resection | 79 |
Arterial resection | 5 |
Venous + arterial resection | 11 |
Morbidity (%) | 98 (69) |
Grade B or C POPF | 17 (12) |
Hemorrhage | 12 (6.4) |
Reintervention | 13 (9.2) |
Mortality | |
30 days (%) | 9 (6.3) |
90 days (%) | 12 (8.5) |
Length of hospital stay (days) (± SD) | 16 (± 7.71) |
Readmission (%) | 15 (10.6) |
T3/T4 stage | 100 (70.4) |
Mean number of examined lymph nodes (± SD) | 15 (± .74) |
Lymph node invasion (%) | 86 (60.6) |
R1 status (%) | 37 (26) |
Adjuvant treatment (%) | 74 (52.1) |
Univariate | Multivariate | ||
---|---|---|---|
P
| Hazard ratio |
P
| |
Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) | .44 | – | |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) |
.01
| 2.99 (1.34–6.66) |
<.01
|
Performance status (1 versus 0) |
< .01
| 1.91 (1.15, 3.17) |
.01
|
Weight loss at diagnosis | .14 | – | |
Continuous weight loss at restaging | .91 | – | |
Jaundice | .87 | – | |
Abdominal pain | .68 | – | |
CA 19-9 level | .34 | – | |
Tumor location (head versus body/tail) | .86 | – | |
Tumor staging (BL versus LA) |
< .01
| – | |
R1 status | 1.75 (1.03–2.96) |
.04
| |
Lymph node invasion | 1.66 (1.01–2.74) |
.04
| |
Adjuvant treatment |
< .01
| .5 (.299–.843) |
< .01
|