Background
Methods
Research animals and ethical considerations
Animal preparations
Sedation, anesthesia and muscle relaxation
Ventilation and measurements of lung mechanics
Instrumentation and hemodynamic measurements
Experimental protocol
Assessment of the LPS-induced ARDS porcine model
HA330 cartridge-directed hemoadsorption
BALF recovery
Assessment of total protein contents in BALF
Lung tissue collection and histopathological evaluation
Lung water assessed by gravimetric method
Concentrations of proinflammatory mediators in circulation and lung tissues
Plasma and lung proteome
Statistical analysis
Results
Intravenous infusion of endotoxin causes sharp changes in physiological parameters
Parameter | Group | Time (h) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | −3 h | −2 h | −1 h | T0 | ||
PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | NS | 466 ± 26 | 458 ± 60 | 531 ± 51 | 509 ± 60 | 479 ± 34 |
LPS | 440 ± 19 | 312 ± 51 | 242 ± 36*** | 194 ± 10*** | 157 ± 23*** | |
PaCO2 (mmHg) | NS | 35.2 ± 2.8 | 30.8 ± 2.8 | 30.5 ± 1.8 | 32.3 ± 1.1 | 31.8 ± 1.49 |
LPS | 36.8 ± 2.4 | 30.2 ± 1.8 | 37.5 ± 1.5 | 36.5 ± 3.0 | 44.7 ± 5.0** | |
AaDO2 (mmHg) | NS | 47 ± 7 | 48 ± 14 | 52 ± 1 | 51 ± 12 | 60 ± 4 |
LPS | 63 ± 5 | 124 ± 20 | 143 ± 15** | 213 ± 53** | 224 ± 48** | |
PAWPeak (mbar) | NS | 16.5 ± 1.8 | 16.5 ± 1.5 | 16.5 ± 1.7 | 17.3 ± 2.0 | 17.3 ± 1.8 |
LPS | 21.3 ± 0.9 | 27.2 ± 1.8** | 30.2 ± 2.4*** | 31.2 ± 2.4*** | 35.7 ± 2.5*** | |
PAWPlateau (mbar) | NS | 12.2 ± 1.8 | 11.5 ± 1.7 | 12.2 ± 2.0 | 13.2 ± 2.3 | 13.8 ± 2.2 |
LPS | 15.3 ± 1.2 | 18.8 ± 1.4 | 22.3 ± 2.3** | 25.7 ± 2.5*** | 27.3 ± 3.2*** | |
Resistance (mbar/l/s) | NS | 9.3 ± 1.4 | 7.9 ± 1.2 | 8.1 ± 1.3 | 7.5 ± 1.1 | 8.1 ± 1.3 |
LPS | 8.5 ± 0.4 | 13.6 ± 2.5 | 15.7 ± 3.5 | 15.1 ± 3.2 | 14.7 ± 2.2 | |
Compliance (ml/mbar) | NS | 31.2 ± 3.5 | 33.3 ± 3.0 | 34.5 ± 4.0 | 35.6 ± 4.3 | 32.8 ± 3.3 |
LPS | 28.2 ± 2.7 | 23.0 ± 2.1 | 21.4 ± 2.3* | 20.7 ± 2.9** | 16.7 ± 1.8** |
Parameter | Group | Time (h) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | −3 h | −2 h | −1 h | T0 | ||
CO (l/min) | NS | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.4 |
LPS | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.3 | |
MAP (mmHg) | NS | 105 ± 6 | 98 ± 6 | 102 ± 8 | 101 ± 7 | 102 ± 8 |
LPS | 113 ± 3 | 78 ± 8 | 56 ± 4*** | 57 ± 5*** | 54 ± 5*** | |
SVRI (dyn s/cm5/m2) | NS | 1783 ± 198 | 1810 ± 169 | 1927 ± 148 | 1822 ± 183 | 1909 ± 218 |
LPS | 2399 ± 238 | 1987 ± 217 | 1002 ± 111** | 952 ± 56** | 1160 ± 97* | |
mPAP (mmHg) | NS | 16.5 ± 1.0 | 16.7 ± 0.5 | 15.7 ± 1.2 | 17.8 ± 1.5 | 18.5 ± 1.2 |
LPS | 18.8 ± 1.5 | 28.8 ± 1.9*** | 3.3 ± 2.0*** | 34.7 ± 2.7*** | 41.0 ± 1.7*** | |
PVRI (dyn s/cm5/m2) | NS | 204 ± 20 | 193 ± 16 | 231 ± 48 | 209 ± 35 | 201 ± 13 |
LPS | 364 ± 40 | 552 ± 115*** | 542 ± 67** | 634 ± 120*** | 781 ± 74*** | |
PAWP (mmHg) | NS | 6.0 ± 1.2 | 6.5 ± 1.5 | 6.3 ± 1.4 | 6.8 ± 1.5 | 6.8 ± 1.2 |
LPS | 4.0 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.9 | 12.2 ± 1.4* | |
EVLWI (ml/kg) | NS | 9.0 ± 0.5 | 9.7 ± 0.9 | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 10.0 ± 0.9 |
LPS | 8.0 ± 0.5 | 9.7 ± 0.7 | 9.8 ± 0.9 | 11.0 ± 0.8 | 15.4 ± 1.3*** | |
PVPI | NS | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.2 |
LPS | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 0.5*** |
Intravenous infusion of endotoxin causes high-permeability pulmonary edema and lung histologic damages
Intravenous infusion of endotoxin augments the expressions of systemic and pulmonary inflammatory cytokines
Hemoadsorption improves oxygenation and lung mechanics in pigs challenged with endotoxin
Parameter | Group | Time (h) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | T0 | 2 h | 4 h | 6 h | 8 h | ||
PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | LPS + HA (sham) | 329 ± 55 | 164 ± 10†
| 131 ± 20†
| 129 ± 21†
| 178 ± 68 | 169 ± 53 |
LPS + HA | 387 ± 10 | 183 ± 6†
| 254 ± 44* | 211 ± 31†
| 264 ± 31 | 315 ± 22*§
| |
PaCO2 (mmHg) | LPS + HA (sham) | 45 ± 4 | 40 ± 7 | 45 ± 17 | 46 ± 14 | 46 ± 16 | 42 ± 14 |
LPS + HA | 37 ± 5 | 53 ± 6†
| 59 ± 9†
| 54 ± 3†
| 51 ± 2 | 45 ± 3 | |
AaDO2 (mmHg) | LPS + HA (sham) | 96 ± 24 | 170 ± 6 | 363 ± 129 | 330 ± 103 | 371 ± 102†
| 358 ± 96 |
LPS + HA | 79 ± 10 | 172 ± 29†
| 368 ± 68†
| 368 ± 77†
| 334 ± 81†
| 296 ± 66†
| |
PAWPeak (mbar) | LPS + HA (sham) | 17.7 ± 1.8 | 32.0 ± 2.6†
| 29.7 ± 5.2†
| 29.7 ± 2.7†
| 28.3 ± 1.7†
| 26.7 ± 3.2 |
LPS + HA | 18.9 ± 1.5 | 29.0 ± 1.0†
| 26.3 ± 1.9†
| 26.3 ± 1.8†
| 24.7 ± 1.8 | 24.3 ± 2.3 | |
PAWPlateau (mbar) | LPS + HA (sham) | 13.3 ± 0.9 | 21.0 ± 1.0†
| 22.7 ± 2.9†
| 23.3 ± 2.4†
| 21.0 ± 1.0†
| 21.7 ± 0.9†
|
LPS + HA | 15.3 ± 1.8 | 24.7 ± 1.3†
| 22.0 ± 1.2†
| 21.0 ± 1.0†§
| 20.3 ± 0.9†§
| 19.0 ± 0.0*†§
| |
Resistance (mbar/l/s) | LPS + HA (sham) | 8.0 ± 1.1 | 15.0 ± 1.8 | 17.5 ± 4.6 | 13.4 ± 3.9 | 13.7 ± 3.6 | 13.3 ± 4.0 |
LPS + HA | 8.2 ± 1.0 | 11.7 ± 1.8 | 8.8 ± 1.5 | 8.7 ± 1.2 | 8.0 ± 1.1 | 7.2 ± 1.2§
| |
Compliance (ml/mbar) | LPS + HA (sham) | 32.6 ± 2.9 | 20.1 ± 6.1 | 19.6 ± 7.7 | 20.2 ± 6.0 | 20.6 ± 5.0 | 21.1 ± 5.9 |
LPS + HA | 27.1 ± 2.9 | 19 ± 2.2†
| 20.1 ± 1.1 | 22.5 ± 2.0 | 22.7 ± 2.8 | 23.3 ± 2.3 |
Parameter | Group | Time (h) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | T0 | 2 h | 4 h | 6 h | 8 h | ||
CO (l/min) | LPS + HA (sham) | 6.36 ± 0.41 | 5.50 ± 1.98 | 4.86 ± 1.28 | 5.35 ± 1.13 | 5.17 ± 1.10 | 5.56 ± 1.27 |
LPS + HA | 4.98 ± 0.48 | 4.99 ± 0.78 | 5.34 ± 0.94 | 6.08 ± 0.97 | 5.05 ± 0.89 | 5.15 ± 0.40 | |
MAP (mmHg) | LPS + HA (sham) | 125 ± 6 | 82 ± 3 | 92 ± 20 | 106 ± 21 | 104 ± 25 | 96 ± 24 |
LPS + HA | 118 ± 7 | 85 ± 15 | 74 ± 9 | 86 ± 12 | 82 ± 17 | 80 ± 16 | |
SVRI (dyn s/cm5/m2) | LPS + HA (sham) | 1699 ± 59 | 1120 ± 154 | 1813 ± 688 | 1788 ± 468 | 1681 ± 354 | 1454 ± 248 |
LPS + HA | 1992 ± 156 | 1465 ± 423 | 1143 ± 231 | 1210 ± 347 | 1576 ± 778 | 1291 ± 461 | |
mPAP (mmHg) | LPS + HA (sham) | 23.0 ± 2.6 | 36.3 ± 5.6 | 41.3 ± 3.2 | 38.3 ± 5.8 | 38.3 ± 5.4 | 34.0 ± 5.1 |
LPS + HA | 22.7 ± 0.3 | 37.7 ± 5.2 | 44.3 ± 5.2 | 39.3 ± 8.0 | 35.3 ± 7.8 | 31.3 ± 10 | |
PVRI (dyn s/cm5/m2) | LPS + HA (sham) | 229 ± 31 | 477 ± 202 | 518 ± 181 | 467 ± 85 | 441 ± 92 | 343 ± 25 |
LPS + HA | 248 ± 19 | 404 ± 60 | 499 ± 72 | 421 ± 156 | 483 ± 196 | 416 ± 145 | |
PAWP (mmHg) | LPS + HA (sham) | 9.7 ± 2.3 | 12.7 ± 3.2 | 14.7 ± 3.0 | 12.0 ± 3.1 | 14.0 ± 4.2 | 13.0 ± 2.6 |
LPS + HA | 8.3 ± 1.2 | 11.0 ± 1.2 | 16.3 ± 1.8 | 13.0 ± 1.7 | 11.0 ± 2.0 | 11.7 ± 3.0 | |
EVLWI (ml/kg) | LPS + HA (sham) | 10.1 ± 3.5 | 13.1 ± 1.4 | 13.0 ± 0.6 | 15.9 ± 2.5 | 13.7 ± 1.0 | 12.9 ± 2.0 |
LPS + HA | 8.1 ± 0.3 | 12.4 ± 1.8 | 12.5 ± 1.5 | 13.7 ± 1.5 | 13.0 ± 2.1 | 10.1 ± 2.3 | |
PVPI | LPS + HA (sham) | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.3 |
LPS + HA | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.9 |
Hemoadsorption blunts lung edema and histopathological signs of ARDS
Hemoadsorption reduces circulating and alveolar cytokine levels
Hemoadsorption-altered plasma and pulmonary proteome
GO biological process | Accession | Protein name | Fold change over baselinea
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
T0/baseline | 8 h/baseline | |||
Acute-phase response/acute inflammatory response | P79263 | Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 | 1.22 | 2.17 |
F1SH92 | Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 | 1.39 | 2.04 | |
Q29056 | Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein | 1.49 | 1.51 | |
F1SFI7 | Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (Fragment) | 0.76 | 0.49 | |
Q29014 | Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (Fragment) | 0.68 | 0.49 | |
Q8SPS7 | Haptoglobin | 0.74 | 0.57 | |
Q6S4N2 | Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B | 0.64 | 0.65 | |
Regulation of immune system process | P01025 | Complement C3 | 1.45 | 0.88 |
A5PF00 | B-factor, properdin | 0.75 | 0.62 | |
F1RMN7 | Hemopexin | 0.70 | 0.63 | |
Q69DL4 | Complement C1qB (Fragment) | 0.81 | 0.60 | |
A0SEH0 | Complement component C6 | 0.71 | 0.76 | |
Q29041 | Ficolin-2 | 0.75 | 0.69 | |
Defense response/response to stress | P52552 | Peroxiredoxin-2 (Fragment) | 1.28 | 1.30 |
P32195 | Protegrin-2 | 4.76 | 2.43 | |
O02705 | Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha | 1.37 | 2.56 | |
Q6QR67 | Resistin | 5.00 | 3.06 | |
Proteolysis | C9VZX4 | Matrix metallopeptidase 1 | 1.79 | 3.98 |
C9VZX5 | Matrix metallopeptidase 10 | 1.13 | 1.53 | |
F2Z528 | Proteasome subunit alpha type | 1.22 | 1.22 | |
F2Z5K2 | Proteasome subunit alpha type | 1.28 | 1.21 | |
I3LQ51 | Proteasome subunit beta type | 1.49 | 1.50 | |
P03974 | Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase | 1.35 | 2.27 | |
Q9GMA6 | Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin 2 | 0.81 | 0.55 | |
C4PGL9 | Mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 2 | 0.79 | 0.97 | |
F1SCF0 | Alpha-1-antitrypsin | 0.81 | 0.66 | |
Coagulation | F1RPW2 | Coagulation factor V | 0.66 | 0.45 |
F1RZ36 | Coagulation factor VIII | 0.64 | 0.74 | |
O97507 | Coagulation factor XII | 0.76 | 0.66 | |
K7GQL2 | Coagulation factor XIII, A1 polypeptide | 0.71 | 0.79 | |
F1RX36 | Fibrinogen alpha chain | 0.83 | 1.11 | |
P14460 | Fibrinogen alpha chain (Fragment) | 1.47 | 3.12 | |
P14477 | Fibrinogen beta chain (fragment) | 1.39 | 2.30 | |
P06867 | Plasminogen | 0.77 | 0.57 | |
F1SB81 | Plasminogen | 0.59 | 0.59 | |
B3STX9 | Prothrombin | 0.68 | 0.76 | |
Negative regulation of blood coagulation | I3LRJ4 | Vitamin K-dependent protein C | 0.69 | 0.57 |
Metabolic process | Q29214 | 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 | 1.47 | 2.45 |
F1RYZ0 | 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 | 2.17 | 4.72 | |
P01965 | Hemoglobin subunit alpha | 1.39 | 0.68 | |
F1RII7 | Hemoglobin subunit beta | 1.28 | 0.74 | |
A0SNU7 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (fragment) | 1.23 | 1.41 | |
G9F6X8 | Prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta polypeptide | 1.45 | 2.14 | |
F1SN27 | Sorbitol dehydrogenase | 1.67 | 3.13 | |
Regulation of lipid storage | Q2LE37 | Apolipoprotein M | 1.25 | 1.02 |
Q29248 | Apolipoprotein A-I (Fragment) | 0.79 | 0.79 | |
Cellular metal ion homeostasis | Q8WMN8 | Lactoferrin (Fragment) | 1.64 | 0.93 |
P09571 | Serotransferrin | 0.77 | 0.63 | |
Transport | P04404 | Chromogranin-A (Fragment) | 1.75 | 1.89 |
Q29545 | Inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase | 0.67 | 0.54 | |
A4US67 | Paraoxonase | 0.75 | 0.67 | |
F1RUN2 | Serum albumin | 0.76 | 0.60 | |
P50390 | Transthyretin | 0.81 | 0.76 | |
Positive regulation of cell differentiation | Q0PM28 | Pigment epithelium-derived factor | 0.70 | 0.84 |
Multicellular organismal process | P00761 | Trypsin | 0.78 | 0.55 |
Response to unfolded protein | F1RS36 | 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein | 1.33 | 1.38 |
Cytoskeleton organization | I3LVD5 | Actin, cytoplasmic 1 | 1.64 | 1.09 |
A0A0B8RSX6 | Filamin A, alpha | 1.45 | 1.71 | |
B6VNT8 | Cardiac muscle alpha actin 1 | 1.82 | 1.39 | |
Q6QA25 | Tropomyosin 3 | 1.59 | 1.91 | |
P67937 | Tropomyosin alpha-4 chain | 1.23 | 1.29 | |
Q767L7 | Tubulin beta chain | 1.37 | 0.84 | |
P02543 | Vimentin | 1.54 | 5.13 | |
Obsolete GTP catabolic process | Q0PY11 | Elongation factor 1-alpha | 1.35 | 1.37 |
Chromosome organization | P62802 | Histone H4 | 2.50 | 1.87 |
Tissue remodeling | Q711S8 | Secreted phosphoprotein 24 | 0.82 | 0.79 |
Regulation of biological process | F1S682 | Sulfhydryl oxidase | 0.80 | 0.86 |
GO biological process | Accession | Protein name | Fold change over baselinea
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
T0/baseline | 8 h/baseline | |||
Acute-phase response/acute inflammatory response | Q29014 | Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (Fragment) | 2.70 | 0.87 |
K9J6H8 | Alpha-2-macroglobulin | 1.82 | 1.01 | |
I3L6K3 | C-reactive protein | 1.43 | 2.50 | |
F1RJ76 | C-reactive protein | 1.27 | 1.32 | |
Q8SPS7 | Haptoglobin | 2.08 | 1.00 | |
P79263 | Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 | 1.89 | 1.78 | |
F1SH92 | Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 | 1.47 | 1.19 | |
Q29056 | Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein | 2.44 | 1.44 | |
F1S9B8 | Serum amyloid A protein | 1.64 | 1.35 | |
Regulation of immune system process | P01025 | Complement C3 | 1.50 | 1.34 |
F1SMJ1 | Complement component C7 (Fragment) | 1.23 | 1.07 | |
A5PF00 | B-factor, properdin | 2.50 | 0.95 | |
F1RMN7 | Hemopexin | 1.85 | 1.08 | |
L8B0S2 | IgG heavy chain | 1.82 | 1.00 | |
L8B0W9 | IgG heavy chain | 1.30 | 0.94 | |
K7ZPU8 | IgG heavy chain constant region (Fragment) | 1.59 | 0.72 | |
Q4Z8N7 | Plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase | 1.20 | 1.38 | |
P28491 | Calreticulin | 0.81 | 1.29 | |
B0LUW3 | Chemerin | 0.62 | 0.79 | |
F1STZ4 | Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A | 0.83 | 0.82 | |
Q29041 | Ficolin-2 | 0.77 | 0.72 | |
A5A758 | Keratin 1 (Fragment) | 0.53 | 0.69 | |
C4PGL9 | Mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 2 | 0.65 | 0.75 | |
Defense response/response to stress | A2SW51 | Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 | 1.64 | 1.60 |
P52552 | Peroxiredoxin-2 (Fragment) | 1.59 | 1.64 | |
P32195 | Protegrin-2 | 1.25 | 1.05 | |
B3STX9 | Prothrombin | 1.28 | 1.01 | |
F5XVC2 | von Willebrand factor | 1.35 | 1.07 | |
Q6QR67 | Resistin | 1.79 | 1.52 | |
Proteolysis | Q9GMA6 | Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin 2 | 1.47 | 1.03 |
F1SCF0 | Alpha-1-antitrypsin | 2.04 | 0.87 | |
C9VZX4 | Matrix metallopeptidase 1 | 1.47 | 1.22 | |
C9VZX5 | Matrix metallopeptidase 10 | 1.43 | 1.21 | |
Coagulation | P14460 | Fibrinogen alpha chain (Fragment) | 1.54 | 3.30 |
P14477 | Fibrinogen beta chain (Fragment) | 1.43 | 1.78 | |
F1RQ75 | Coagulation factor IX | 0.78 | 0.60 | |
F1RPW2 | Coagulation factor V | 0.79 | 0.67 | |
Q19AZ7 | Coagulation factor VII isoform b protein | 0.72 | 0.81 | |
K7GQL2 | Coagulation factor XIII, A1 polypeptide | 0.51 | 0.54 | |
Negative regulation of blood coagulation | I3LRJ4 | Vitamin K-dependent protein C | 0.74 | 0.64 |
Metabolic process | F1S1G8 | Amine oxidase | 1.64 | 1.01 |
P01965 | Hemoglobin subunit alpha | 2.17 | 1.11 | |
F1RII7 | Hemoglobin subunit beta | 1.89 | 1.22 | |
Q29052 | Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H1 | 1.32 | 1.08 | |
F8SIP2 | EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 | 0.80 | 1.09 | |
O02668 | Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 | 0.74 | 0.64 | |
I3LL80 | L-lactate dehydrogenase | 0.81 | 0.65 | |
Q29126 | Protein WAP-3 | 0.31 | 0.84 | |
Regulation of lipid storage | A0A0F6TNY5 | APOB O | 1.43 | 1.09 |
Q29433 | Apolipoprotein B (Fragment) | 2.17 | 1.21 | |
Q2LE37 | Apolipoprotein M | 1.23 | 1.04 | |
O97674 | Lipoprotein lipase (Fragment) | 0.62 | 0.64 | |
D3Y264 | Apolipoprotein C-II | 0.80 | 0.63 | |
F1RM45 | Apolipoprotein E | 0.75 | 0.89 | |
Q03472 | Apolipoprotein R | 0.72 | 0.60 | |
Q8WMN7 | Plasma phospholipid transfer protein | 0.79 | 0.85 | |
Cellular metal ion homeostasis | I3VKE6 | Ceruloplasmin | 1.30 | 1.07 |
Q6YT39 | Lactotransferrin | 1.61 | 1.33 | |
P09571 | Serotransferrin | 2.33 | 0.91 | |
D7RK08 | Transferrin receptor protein | 1.45 | 1.30 | |
Transport | F1RUN2 | Serum albumin | 2.08 | 1.01 |
P50390 | Transthyretin | 1.33 | 0.89 | |
Positive regulation of cell differentiation | Q0PM28 | Pigment epithelium-derived factor | 1.32 | 1.11 |
Multicellular organismal process | Q711S8 | Secreted phosphoprotein 24 | 0.74 | 0.72 |
O11780 | Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 | 0.83 | 0.97 | |
P67937 | Tropomyosin alpha-4 chain | 0.81 | 1.23 | |
P00761 | Trypsin | 0.82 | 0.85 |