Background
Methods
Study design and samples
Measures
Socio-demographic variables
Outcome measures
Data management and statistical analysis
Results
Participants’ socio-demographics, anthropometric and behavioural risk factor profile
Baseline | Six months | Twelve month | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n= 1 088 | n= 385 | p- value† | n= 277 | p- value† | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
Gender
| Male | 219 | 20.1 | 88 | 22.9 | NS | 58 | 20.9 | NS |
Female | 869 | 79.9 | 297 | 77.1 | 219 | 79.1 | |||
Age Groups
| 18-49 years | 647 | 59.5 | 186 | 48.0 | ** | 134 | 48.4 | NS |
50+ years | 441 | 40.5 | 199 | 52.0 | 143 | 51.6 | |||
Education~ | Year 12 and below | 367 | 33.9 | 129 | 33.6 | NS | 103 | 37.3 | NS |
Other | 717 | 66.1 | 255 | 66.4 | 173 | 62.7 | |||
Employment
| Employed (full, part time or casual) | 720 | 66.4 | 257 | 66.8 | NS | 191 | 69 | NS |
Other | 365 | 33.6 | 128 | 33.2 | 86 | 31 | |||
Language
| English | 1040 | 95.6 | 374 | 97.1 | NS | 270 | 97.5 | NS |
Other | 48 | 4.4 | 11 | 2.9 | 7 | 2.5 | |||
Indigenous
| Non Aboriginal | 1062 | 97.6 | 379 | 98.4 | NS | 272 | 98.2 | NS |
Aboriginal | 26 | 2.4 | 6 | 1.6 | 5 | 1.8 | |||
Income
| <$AUS 80,000 | 556 | 58.1 | 206 | 59.9 | NS | 139 | 56.7 | NS |
>$AUS 80,000 | 401 | 41.9 | 138 | 40.1 | 106 | 43.3 | |||
SEIFA
| 1st, 2nd & 3rd quintiles (least advantaged) | 595 | 57.4 | 203 | 54.1 | NS | 147 | 54.6 | NS |
4th & 5th quintile (most disadvantaged) | 441 | 42.6 | 172 | 45.9 | 122 | 45.4 | |||
Region
| Major Cities | 595 | 57.5 | 184 | 49.1 | * | 140 | 52 | NS |
Other | 440 | 42.5 | 191 | 50.9 | 129 | 48 | |||
Coaching type
| No GP consent required | 745 | 68.5 | 235 | 61.0 | * | 170 | 61.4 | NS |
GP consent required | 343 | 31.5 | 150 | 39.0 | 107 | 38.6 | |||
Body Mass Index (BMI) classifications
| Under & acceptable weight (BMI 10.0-24.99) | 162 | 16.2 | 67 | 18.1 | NS | 54 | 20.3 | NS |
Overweight & Obese (BMI 25.0+) | 835 | 83.8 | 303 | 81.9 | 212 | 79.7 | |||
Waist circumference risk ¥ | No risk | 77 | 10.2 | 33 | 10.6 | NS | 26 | 11.5 | NS |
Increased & greatly increased risk | 679 | 89.8 | 282 | 89.4 | 201 | 88.5 | |||
Recommended physical activity*** | Insufficient | 663 | 65.7 | 231 | 61.8 | NS | 163 | 60.8 | NS |
Sufficient | 346 | 34.3 | 142 | 38.2 | 105 | 39.2 | |||
Fruit and vegetable consumption
| Consumes <2 serves of fruit daily | 479 | 47.4 | 172 | 46.2 | NS | 124 | 46.3 | NS |
Consumes ≥2 serves of fruit daily | 531 | 52.6 | 200 | 53.8 | 144 | 53.7 | |||
Consumes <5 serves of vegetables daily | 859 | 85 | 313 | 83.7 | NS | 222 | 82.8 | NS | |
Consumes ≥5 serves of vegetables daily | 151 | 15 | 61 | 16.3 | 46 | 17.2 |
Maintenance of anthropometric and behavioural risk factors changes
COACHING PERIOD | NO CONTACT PERIOD | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6-month | 12-month | 6-12 months † | ||||||||||
(end of coaching) † | (maintenance follow-up) † | |||||||||||
Baseline | 6-month | Mean change | Adjusted € change (95% CI) | Baseline | 12-month | Mean change | Adjusted € change (95% CI) | 6-month | 12-month | Mean change | Adjusted € change (95% CI) | |
Weight
(kg)¥
| n=357 | n=257 | n=251 | |||||||||
Mean | 83.8 | 80.1 | −3.6** | −3.6 | 82.0 | 79.2 | −2.8** | −2.9 | 78.3 | 79.0 | 0.7* | 0.7 |
(SD) | (18.4) | (17.3) | (4.9) | (−4.0, -3.1) | (16.6) | (16.5) | (6.3) | (−3.6, -2.1) | (15.6) | (16.5) | (4.2) | (−0.2, 1.6) |
Waist Circumference
(cm)¥
| n=275 | n=185 | n=184 | |||||||||
Mean | 99.1 | 94.7 | −4.4** | −4.3 | 98.2 | 92.9 | −5.3** | −5.4 | 93.6 | 92.3 | −1.3* | −1.1 |
(SD) | (13.1) | (12.6) | (5.4) | (−4.9, -3.7) | (12.9) | (13.9) | (9.0) | (−6.7, -4.1) | (12.6) | (13.5) | (8.4) | (−2.5, 0.3) |
Body Mass Index
(kg/
m
2
)¥
| n=357 | n=257 | n=250 | |||||||||
Mean | 30.1 | 28.8 | −1.3** | −1.3 | 29.7 | 28.6 | −1.1** | −1.1 | 28.4 | 28.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
(SD) | (6.1) | (5.7) | (1.8) | (−1.5, -1.1) | (5.7) | (5.4) | (3.0) | (−1.5, -0.8) | (5.3) | (5.4) | (2.1) | (−0.2, 0.6) |
Mean | 1.7 | 1.9 | 0.2** | 0.3 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 0.2** | 0.3 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
(SD) | (1.2) | (0.8) | (1.1) | (0.2, 0.3) | (1.1) | (0.9) | (1.1) | (0.2, 0.3) | (0.8) | (0.9) | (0.9) | (−0.1, 1.1) |
Vegetable serves per day#
| n=371 | n=264 | n=264 | |||||||||
Mean | 2.9 | 3.9 | 1.0** | 0.9 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 0.4** | 0.5 | 4.0 | 3.4 | −0.6** | −0.5** |
(SD) | (1.6) | (1.3) | (1.3) | (0.8, 1.1) | (1.6) | (1.5) | (1.8) | (0.3, 0.6) | (1.3) | (1.5) | (1.6) | (−0.7,-0.3) |
Health enhancing PA
(sessions)#
β
| n=371 | n=245 | n=244 | |||||||||
Mean | 4.1 | 5.8 | 1.8** | 1.8 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 1.2* | 1.2 | 6.2 | 5.5 | −0.7* | −0.6 |
(SD) | (3.9) | (3.7) | (4.3) | (1.4, 2.2) | (3.9) | (5.7) | (6.3) | (0.4,2.0) | (3.5) | (5.7) | (5.7) | (−1.5,0.3) |
COACHING PERIOD | NO CONTACT PERIOD | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6-month | 12-month | 6-12 months † | ||||||||||
(end of coaching) † | (maintenance follow-up) † | |||||||||||
Baseline | 6-month | Mean change | Adjusted € change (95% CI) | Baseline | 12-month | Mean change | Adjusted € change (95% CI) | 6-month | 12-month | Mean change | Adjusted € change (95% CI) | |
Weight (kg)¥
| n=1000 | n=1000 | n=1006 | |||||||||
Mean | 86.5 | 84.7 | −1.8** | −1.8 | 86.5 | 84.9 | −1.6** | −1.6 | 84.7 | 84.9 | 0.2* | 0.2 |
(SD) | (20.0) | (19.6) | (3.9) | (−2.1,-1.6) | (20.0) | (19.8) | (4.3) | (−1.9,-1.4) | (19.7) | (19.8) | (2.2) | (−0.2,0.5) |
Waist Circumference (cm)¥ | n=756 | n=756 | n=806 | |||||||||
Mean | 101 | 98.8 | −2.2** | −2.2 | 101 | 98.4 | −2.6 | −2.6** | 98.6 | 98.3 | −0.3* | −0.3 |
(SD) | (15.8) | (15.9) | (4.3) | (−2.5,-1.9) | (15.8) | (16.3) | (5.8) | (−3.0,-2.2) | (15.8) | (16.1) | (4.2) | (−0.8,0.2) |
Body Mass Index (kg/m
2
)¥ | n=998 | n=998 | n=1001 | |||||||||
Mean | 31 | 30.5 | −0.5** | −0.5 | 31 | 30.5 | −0.5** | −0.5 | 30.6 | 30.5 | −0.1 | −0.1 |
(SD) | (6.4) | (6.4) | (1.2) | (−0.5,-0.4) | (6.4) | (6.4) | (1.8) | (−0.7,-0.4) | (6.4) | (6.4) | (1.4) | (−0.2,0.1) |
Fruit serves per day# | n=1010 | n=1011 | n=1011 | |||||||||
Mean | 1.7 | 1.8 | 0.1** | 0.1 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 0.1** | 0.1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
(SD) | (1.3) | (1.1) | (0.8) | (0.1, 0.2) | (1.3) | (1.1) | (0.8) | (0.1,0.2) | (1.1) | (1.1) | (0.5) | (−0.1,0.1) |
Vegetable serves per day# | n=1010 | n=1010 | n=1011 | |||||||||
Mean | 2.8 | 3.3 | 0.5** | 0.5 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 0.4** | 0.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 | −0.2** | −0.1 |
(SD) | (1.6) | (1.5) | (1.2) | (0.4,0.6) | (1.6) | (1.5) | (1.3) | (0.3,0.4) | (1.5) | (1.5) | (0.9) | (−0.2,0.1) |
Health enhancing PA (sessions)#β
| n=1010 | n=1010 | n=1011 | |||||||||
Mean | 3.9 | 4.6 | 0.7** | 0.7 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 0.5** | 0.5 | 4.6 | 4.4 | −0.2* | −0.2 |
(SD) | (3.9) | (3.9) | (2.8) | (0.5,0.8) | (3.9) | (4.5) | (3.5) | (0.3,0.7) | (3.9) | (4.5) | (2.8) | (−0.4,0.1) |
Weight maintenance | Waist circumference maintenance | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | n | % | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | N | n | % | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
Gender
| Male (ref) | 57 | 24 | 42.1 | 40 | 24 | 60.0 | ||||
Female | 192 | 98 | 51.0 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.7) | 0.238 | 122 | 78 | 63.9 | 1.1 (0.5, 2.3) | 0.798 | |
Age Groups
| 18-49 years (ref) | 117 | 57 | 48.7 | 72 | 40 | 55.6 | ||||
50+ years | 132 | 65 | 49.2 | 1.0 (0.6,1.7) | 0.911 | 90 | 62 | 68.9 | 1.5 (0.7,3.1) | 0.247 | |
Education
| High school education (ref) | 91 | 49 | 53.8 | 58 | 43 | 74.1 | ||||
Certificate/Degree/Higher | 157 | 72 | 45.9 | 0.7 (0.4,1.2) | 0.161 | 103 | 58 | 56.3 | 0.5 (0.3,1.2) | 0.135 | |
Employment
| Full time/part time/Casual (ref) | 171 | 82 | 48.0 | 108 | 63 | 58.3 | ||||
Other | 78 | 40 | 51.3 | 1.0 (0.5,1.8) | 0.989 | 54 | 39 | 72.2 | 1.2 (0.5, 2.8) | 0.637 | |
SEIFA
| 1st, 2nd, quintile - most advantaged (ref) | 138 | 68 | 49.3 | 94 | 57 | 60.6 | ||||
3rd 4th & 5th-quintile-most disadvantage | 111 | 54 | 48.6 | 1.1 (0.6,2.0) | 0.705 | 68 | 45 | 66.2 | 1.0 (0.5,2.1) | 0.999 | |
Region
| Major Cities (ref) | 130 | 70 | 53.8 | 83 | 49 | 59.0 | ||||
Other | 119 | 52 | 43.7 | 0.5 (0.3,1.0) | 0.043 | 79 | 53 | 67.1 | 1.3 (0.6, 2.7) | 0.504 |