Erschienen in:
21.01.2020 | Original Research
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: the REAL HEALTH-Diabetes Randomized Clinical Trial
verfasst von:
Linda M. Delahanty, MS, RD, Douglas E. Levy, PhD, Yuchiao Chang, PhD, Bianca C. Porneala, MS, Valerie Goldman, MS, RD, Jeanna McCarthy, MS, RD, Laurie Bissett, MS, RD, Anthony Romeo Rodriguez, BS, Barbara Chase, ANP APRN, Rajani LaRocca, MD, Amy Wheeler, MD, Deborah J. Wexler, MD, MSc
Erschienen in:
Journal of General Internal Medicine
|
Ausgabe 9/2020
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Abstract
Background
Intensive lifestyle interventions (LI) improve outcomes in obesity and type 2 diabetes but are not currently available in usual care.
Objective
To compare the effectiveness and costs of two group LI programs, in-person LI and telephone conference call (telephone LI), to medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on weight loss in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes.
Design
A randomized, assessor-blinded, practice-based clinical trial in three community health centers and one hospital-based practice affiliated with a single health system.
Participants
A total of 208 primary care patients with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c 6.5 to < 11.5, and BMI > 25 kg/m2 (> 23 kg/m2 in Asians).
Interventions
Dietitian-delivered in-person or telephone group LI programs with medication management or MNT referral.
Main Measures
Primary outcome: mean percent weight change. Secondary outcomes: 5% and 10% weight loss, change in HbA1c, and cost per kilogram lost.
Key Results
Participants’ mean age was 62 (SD 10) years, 45% were male, and 77% were White, with BMI 35 (SD 5) kg/m2 and HbA1c 7.7 (SD 1.2). Seventy were assigned to in-person LI, 72 to telephone LI, and 69 to MNT. The mean percent weight loss (95% CI) at 6 and 12 months was 5.6% (4.4–6.8%) and 4.6% (3.1–6.1%) for in-person LI, 4.6% (3.3–6.0%) and 4.8% (3.3–6.2%) for telephone LI, and 1.1% (0.2–2.0%) and 2.0% (0.9–3.0%) for MNT, with statistically significant differences between each LI arm and MNT (P < 0.001) but not between LI arms (P = 0.63). HbA1c improved in all participants. Compared with MNT, the incremental cost per kilogram lost was $789 for in-person LI and $1223 for telephone LI.
Conclusions
In-person LI or telephone group LI can achieve good weight loss outcomes in primary care type 2 diabetes patients at a reasonable cost.
Clinical Trial Registration