Background
Methods
Participants
Study design
Intervention
Mode of commuting to school
Health-related fitness
Distance to school
Statistical analyses
Results
Socio-demographics characteristics
Interactions and main effects of study groups, sex and assessment time point on frequency of active commuting and on modes of commuting
Study groups | Sex | Assessment time point | n | Mean | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active commuting | ||||||
Frequency of active commuting (n°/week)a
| EG | boys | Baseline | 114 | 5.9 | 0.35b
|
Follow-up | 73 | 5.7 | 0.45 | |||
girls | Baseline | 114 | 5.7 | 0.35b
| ||
Follow-up | 68 | 5.5 | 0.46 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 49 | 4.1 | 0.55 | |
Follow-up | 54 | 4.7 | 0.53 | |||
girls | Baseline | 47 | 4.1 | 0.55 | ||
Follow-up | 56 | 4.2 | 0.51 | |||
Mode of commuting (n°/week)a
| ||||||
Walk | EG | boys | Baseline | 114 | 5.7 | 0.35b
|
Follow-up | 73 | 5.4 | 0.45 | |||
girls | Baseline | 114 | 5.6 | 0.35b
| ||
Follow-up | 68 | 5.4 | 0.46 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 49 | 3.7 | 0.55 | |
Follow-up | 54 | 4.6 | 0.52 | |||
girls | Baseline | 47 | 4.0 | 0.55 | ||
Follow-up | 56 | 4.2 | 0.51 | |||
Bike | EG | boys | Baseline | 114 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
Follow-up | 73 | 0.3 | 0.09b
| |||
girls | Baseline | 114 | 0.1 | 0.07 | ||
Follow-up | 68 | 0.1 | 0.09 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 49 | 0.3 | 0.11 | |
Follow-up | 54 | 0.0 | 0.11 | |||
girls | Baseline | 47 | 0.1 | 0.11 | ||
Follow-up | 56 | 0.0 | 0.10 | |||
Car | EG | boys | Baseline | 114 | 3.3 | 0.36 |
Follow-up | 73 | 3.1 | 0.46 | |||
girls | Baseline | 114 | 3.5 | 0.36 | ||
Follow-up | 68 | 3.2 | 0.47 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 49 | 4.4 | 0.56 | |
Follow-up | 54 | 3.9 | 0.54 | |||
girls | Baseline | 47 | 4.5 | 0.57 | ||
Follow-up | 56 | 5.0 | 0.52b
| |||
Motorcycle | EG | boys | Baseline | 114 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
Follow-up | 73 | 0.1 | 0.08 | |||
girls | Baseline | 114 | 0.1 | 0.06 | ||
Follow-up | 68 | 0.1 | 0.08 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 49 | 0.1 | 0.10 | |
Follow-up | 54 | 0.2 | 0.10c
| |||
girls | Baseline | 47 | 0.1 | 0.10 | ||
Follow-up | 56 | 0.0 | 0.09 | |||
Bus | EG | boys | Baseline | 114 | 0.2 | 0.17 |
Follow-up | 73 | 0.4 | 0.22 | |||
girls | Baseline | 114 | 0.2 | 0.17 | ||
Follow-up | 68 | 0.2 | 0.22 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 49 | 0.7 | 0.26 | |
Follow-up | 54 | 0.9 | 0.25 | |||
girls | Baseline | 47 | 0.7 | 0.26 | ||
Follow-up | 56 | 1.1 | 0.24b
|
Interactions and main effects of study groups, sex and assessment time point on health-related fitness
Health-related fitness | Study groups | Sex | Assessment time point | n | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiorespiratory Fitness | ||||||
VO2max (mL/kg per min) | EG | boys | Baseline | 96 | 42.8 | 0.41b, c
|
Follow-up | 70 | 41.2 | 0.45 | |||
girls | Baseline | 85 | 41.2 | 0.45 | ||
Follow-up | 61 | 40.5 | 0.49 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 47 | 43.5 | 0.62b
| |
Follow-up | 44 | 46.0 | 0.63a, c
| |||
girls | Baseline | 43 | 39.6 | 0.61 | ||
Follow-up | 50 | 40.9 | 0.59 | |||
20-m suttle run (stage) | EG | boys | Baseline | 96 | 2.2 | 2.22b
|
Follow-up | 70 | 2.2 | 2.17 | |||
girls | Baseline | 86 | 1.8 | 1.76 | ||
Follow-up | 61 | 1.8 | 1.82 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 48 | 2.5 | 2.54b
| |
Follow-up | 45 | 3.7 | 3.70a, b, c
| |||
girls | Baseline | 43 | 1.3 | 1.34 | ||
Follow-up | 50 | 1.9 | 1.91c
| |||
Muscular Fitness | ||||||
Standing long jump (cm) | EG | boys | Baseline | 96 | 120.2 | 2.03c
|
Follow-up | 70 | 116.0 | 2.41b
| |||
girls | Baseline | 87 | 115.7 | 2.12a
| ||
Follow-up | 62 | 107.9 | 2.54 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 48 | 117.7 | 2.93b
| |
Follow-up | 44 | 123.1 | 3.04b
| |||
girls | Baseline | 43 | 103.4 | 3.04 | ||
Follow-up | 50 | 105.6 | 2.81 | |||
Hand-grip strength (kg) | EG | boys | Baseline | 97 | 14.5 | 0.48 |
Follow-up | 70 | 13.9 | 0.57 | |||
girls | Baseline | 89 | 14.4 | 0.50 | ||
Follow-up | 63 | 13.3 | 0.60 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 48 | 13.7 | 0.70 | |
Follow-up | 45 | 16.9 | 0.72a, b, c
| |||
girls | Baseline | 43 | 12.9 | 0.72 | ||
Follow-up | 50 | 14.7 | 0.67 | |||
Speed-agility | ||||||
4×10 shuttle run (sec) | EG | boys | Baseline | 95 | 13.7 | 0.14 |
Follow-up | 69 | 13.6 | 0.17 | |||
girls | Baseline | 87 | 14.0 | 0.14 | ||
Follow-up | 61 | 13.9 | 0.17 | |||
CG | boys | Baseline | 47 | 13.8 | 0.20b, c
| |
Follow-up | 45 | 13.2 | 0.20b
| |||
girls | Baseline | 43 | 14.8 | 0.21a, c
| ||
Follow-up | 49 | 14.2 | 0.19 |