Background
Methods
Search strategy
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Study selection and data extraction
Risk of bias assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Study characteristics
Trial | Species(Na/Nc) | Age(month) | Weigh(g) | Model | Acupuncture(acupoints) | Control intervention | Outcome assessment | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang 2004 [11] | SD rats (14/13) SD rats (14/13) | 2~ 3 | 200–250 | 4-VO | EA,20 min/d for 15d, 150HZ, 2 mA, continuous Waveform (GV14, GV20) | No treatment Nimodipine | Escape latency Escape latency | P < 0.01 P > 0.05 |
Yu 2005 [12] | Wistar rats (15/14) | NR | 340 ± 40 | EO | manual acupuncture, 30 s/d for 21 d (CV6, CV12, CV17, SP10, ST36) | Placebo-acupuncture | Escape latency Duration in former platform position Frequency crossing former platform | P < 0.05 P < 0.05 P < 0.05 |
Shao 2008 [13] | SD rats (9/8) SD rats (9/8) | NR | 180–220 | 4-VO | EA,20 min/d for 15 d, 150 HZ, 1–2 mA, Continuous Waveform (BL17, BL20, BL23, GV20) | No treatment Nimodipine | Escape latency Escape latency | P < 0.01 P > 0.05 |
Wang 2009 [14] | Wistar rats(11/11) | 10 | 300 ± 40 | EO | manual acupuncture, 30 s/d for 21 d (CV6, CV12, CV17, SP10, ST36) | Placebo-acupuncture | Escape latency Duration in former platform position | P < 0.05 P < 0.01 |
Wei 2011 [15] | SD rats(10/10) | NR | 200–250 | 2-VO | EA, 20 min/d for 10 d, 50 HZ,1.0 mA, continuous Waveform (GV14, GV20) | No treatment Nimodipine | Escape latency Frequency crossing former platform Escape latency Frequency crossing former platform | P < 0.01 P < 0.01 P > 0.01 P > 0.01 |
Zhao 2011 [16] | Wistar rats(10/10) | 4 | 240 ± 20 | EO | manual acupuncture, 30 s/d for 21 d(CV6, CV12, CV17, SP10, ST36) | Placebo-acupuncture | Escape latency Swimming Speed | P < 0.01 P > 0.05 |
Zhu 2011 [17] | SD rats(11/12) | 9 | 460 ± 30 | 2-VO | EA, 20 min/d for 30 d,4HZ, 2.0 mA, continuous waveform (BL23, GV14, GV20) | No treatment | Escape latency | P < 0.01 |
Zhu 2012 [18] | SD rats(12/10) | 12 | 400 ± 30 | 2-VO | EA, 20 min/d for 30 d,4 HZ, 2.0 mA, continuous waveform (BL23, GV14, GV20) | No treatment | Escape latency | P < 0.05 |
Zhu 2013 [19] | SD rats(6/6) | NR | 432 ± 30 | 2-VO | EA, 20 min/d for 30 d, 4HZ, continuous waveform (BL23, GV14, GV20) | No treatment | Escape latency | P < 0.05 |
Yang 2014 CG [20] | Wistar rats (12/12) | NR | 200–250 | 2-VO | manual acupuncture, 360 min/d for 21 d (Frontal region, frontoparietal region and parietal region) | No treatment | Escape latency Swimming distance | P < 0.05 P < 0.05 |
Yang 2014 CG [20] | Wistar rats (12/12) | NR | 200–250 | 2-VO | manual acupuncture, 360 min/d for 21 d (Frontal region, frontoparietal region and parietal region) | No treatment | Escape latency Swimming distance | P < 0.05 P < 0.05 |
Zhang 2014 [21] | Wistar rats (10/10) | NR | 300–320 | EO | manual acupuncture, 30 s/d for 21 d (CV6, CV12, CV17, SP10, ST36) | Placebo-acupuncture | Escape latency Frequency crossing former platform Duration in former platform position | P < 0.01 P < 0.01 P < 0.01 |
Li 2015 [22] | Wistar rats (11/11) | NR | 320–360 | EO | manual acupuncture,30 s/d for 14 d (ST36) | Placebo-acupuncture | Escape latency | P < 0.05 |
Li 2015 [23] | Wistar rats (10/10) | 2 | 300–320 | EO | manual acupuncture, 30 s/d for 14 d (ST36 | Placebo-acupuncture | Escape latency | P < 0.05 |
Wang 2015 [24] | Wister rats(10/10) | NR | 200–220 | 2-VO | manual acupuncture, 30 s/d for 21 d (CV6, CV12, CV17, SP10, ST36) | Placebo-acupuncture | Escape latency Swimming speed Duration in former platform position | P < 0.05 P > 0.05 P < 0.05 |
Fang 2016 [25] | SD rats(18/18) | 9 | 300–450 | MCAO | EA, 20 min/d for 30 d, 30HZ, 6-15 V, sparse wave (BL23, GV14, GV20) | No treatment | Escape latency | P < 0.05 |
Li 2016 [26] | Wister rats (14/14) | NR | 270–320 | 2-VO | manual acupuncture, 30 s/d for 14 d (ST36) | Placebo-acupuncture | Escape latency Duration in former platform position Swimming speed | P < 0.01 P < 0.01 P > 0.05 |
Model preparation method
Description of acupuncture
Control interventions
Study quality assessment
Study | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang 2004 [11] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | 5 |
Yu 2005 [12] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | 5 |
Shao 2008 [13] | Y | Y | Y | N | N | U | N | N | N | Y | 4 |
Wang 2009 [14] | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | 5 |
Wei 2011 [15] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | 6 |
Zhao 2011 [16] | Y | N | Y | Y | N | U | N | N | N | Y | 4 |
Zhu 2011 [17] | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | 5 |
Zhu 2012 [18] | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | 6 |
Zhu 2013 [19] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | 6 |
Yang 2014 [20] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | 8 |
Zhang 2014 [21] | Y | N | Y | Y | N | U | N | N | Y | N | 4 |
Li 2015 [22] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | 7 |
Li 2015 [23] | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 4 |
Wang 2015 [24] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | 6 |
Fang 2016 [25] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | U | N | N | Y | Y | 6 |
Li 2016 [26] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | 6 |
Morris water maze outcomes analyses
Escape latency
Duration in original platform
Subgroup analyses
Escape latency
SMD | LL | HL | Degrees of freedom | Heterogeneity | Effect size | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | Z | P | ||||||
Species | SR | −3.33 | −5.18 | −1.47 | 5 | 92.10% | 3.52 | P < 0.00001 |
WR | −2.85 | −3.79 | −1.91 | 5 | 73.50% | 5.93 | P = 0.002 | |
Modeling | 2-VO | −2.97 | −4.21 | − 1.73 | 6 | 85.80% | 4.69 | P < 0.00001 |
4-VO | −3.36 | −8.63 | 1.92 | 1 | 94.30% | 1.25 | P = 0.212 | |
EO | −2.38 | −3.82 | −0.95 | 1 | 65.80% | 3.26 | P = 0.001 | |
MCAO | −5.19 | −6.58 | −3.79 | 0 | – | 7.29 | P < 0.00001 | |
Methods | EA | −3.05 | −4.56 | −1.53 | 6 | 90.50% | 3.94 | P < 0.00001 |
MA | −3.11 | −4.23 | −2.00 | 4 | 75.90% | 5.47 | P = 0.002 | |
OVERALL | −3.06 | −4.04 | −2.09 | 11 | 87.10% | 6.04 | P < 0.00001 |
Duration in original platform
Publication bias test
Signaling pathways
Study | Findings & Proposed mechanisms |
---|---|
Wang 2004 [11] | • Reduced NO, NOS and MDA • Increased SOD and GSH-Px |
Shao 2008 [13] | Increased AVP and SS |
Wang 2009 [14] | • Up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 • Counter-regulated the pro-apoptotic Bax |
Wei 2011 [15] | Promoting synaptic function and structure |
Zhao 2011 [16] | Enhanced hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activities |
Zhu 2011 [17] | Inhibiting expression of p53 and Noxa |
Zhu 2012 [18] | Increased p70S6K and ribosomal protein S6 |
Zhu 2013 [19] | Increased mTOR and eIF4E |
Yang 2014 [20] | Increased hippocampal ACh, DA, and 5-HT |
Zhang 2014 [21] | Increased CBF |
Li 2015 [22] | Increase pyramidal neuron number in hippocampal CA1 area |
Li 2015 [23] | • Inhibited PDE activity • Activated ERK and cAMP/PKA/CREB |
Wang 2015 [24] | Enhanced Nrf2 |
Fang 2016 [25] | Decreased TNF-α mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and IL-1β mRNA |
Li 2016 [26] | • Increased complex I, II, IV and cox IV • Decreased ROS |