Background
Methods
Data
Measures
Childhood socioeconomic position
Adult socioeconomic position
Confounders
Health measures
Statistical analyses
Results
Reported less than good health | Reported high/very high psychological distress | Current smoker | Binge drinker | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n) | % | Yes (n) | % | Yes (n) | % | Yes (n) | % | ||
Total n | 10,010 | 745 | 7.4 | 605 | 6.0 | 2140 | 21.4 | 2290 | 22.9 |
Childhood SEP
| |||||||||
I (low) | 2575 | 265 | 10.3 | 205 | 8.0 | 710 | 27.6 | 630 | 24.5 |
II | 2500 | 160 | 6.4 | 135 | 5.4 | 460 | 18.4 | 565 | 22.6 |
III | 2490 | 185 | 7.4 | 140 | 5.6 | 515 | 20.7 | 530 | 21.3 |
IV (high) | 2445 | 140 | 5.7 | 125 | 5.1 | 455 | 18.6 | 565 | 23.1 |
Age (years)
| |||||||||
25-34 | 1975 | 80 | 4.1 | 120 | 6.1 | 500 | 25.3 | 675 | 34.2 |
35-44 | 2965 | 165 | 5.6 | 200 | 6.7 | 670 | 22.6 | 785 | 26.5 |
45-54 | 2870 | 250 | 8.7 | 160 | 5.6 | 580 | 20.2 | 550 | 19.2 |
55-64 | 2200 | 250 | 11.4 | 125 | 5.7 | 390 | 17.7 | 285 | 13.0 |
Sex
| |||||||||
Female | 5440 | 405 | 7.4 | 390 | 7.2 | 1135 | 20.9 | 880 | 16.2 |
Male | 4575 | 345 | 7.5 | 215 | 4.7 | 1005 | 22.0 | 1410 | 30.8 |
Ethnicity
| |||||||||
NZ European | 8185 | 575 | 7.0 | 440 | 5.4 | 1590 | 19.4 | 1890 | 23.1 |
Maori | 980 | 90 | 9.2 | 95 | 9.7 | 410 | 41.8 | 315 | 32.1 |
Asian | 515 | 45 | 8.7 | 35 | 6.8 | 55 | 10.7 | 25 | 4.9 |
Pacific | 325 | 35 | 10.8 | 40 | 12.3 | 85 | 26.2 | 65 | 20.0 |
Highest educational qualification
| |||||||||
Degree or higher | 1850 | 65 | 3.5 | 55 | 3.0 | 160 | 8.6 | 330 | 17.8 |
Post school vocational | 3920 | 270 | 6.9 | 215 | 5.5 | 845 | 21.6 | 975 | 24.9 |
School qualification | 2310 | 150 | 6.5 | 140 | 6.1 | 505 | 21.9 | 575 | 24.9 |
No qualification | 1930 | 260 | 13.5 | 195 | 10.1 | 630 | 32.6 | 410 | 21.2 |
Labour market activity
| |||||||||
Not employed, looking for work | 150 | 20 | 13.3 | 20 | 13.3 | 60 | 40.0 | 35 | 23.3 |
Not employed, not looking for work | 1675 | 325 | 19.4 | 250 | 14.9 | 440 | 26.3 | 235 | 14.0 |
Working | 8185 | 400 | 4.9 | 335 | 4.1 | 1640 | 20.0 | 2020 | 24.7 |
Household income
| |||||||||
q1: low - < $21,080 | 1015 | 160 | 15.8 | 130 | 12.8 | 320 | 31.5 | 185 | 18.2 |
q2: $21,080 - < $34,010 | 1615 | 180 | 11.1 | 150 | 9.3 | 455 | 28.2 | 315 | 19.5 |
q3: $34,010 - < $49,380 | 1910 | 165 | 8.6 | 140 | 7.3 | 470 | 24.6 | 435 | 22.8 |
q4: $49,380 - < $72,280 | 2385 | 120 | 5.0 | 95 | 4.0 | 465 | 19.5 | 560 | 23.5 |
q5: $72,280 - < high | 3085 | 120 | 3.9 | 95 | 3.1 | 435 | 14.1 | 800 | 25.9 |
NZ Deprivation
| |||||||||
NZDepQ1 (most) | 2305 | 90 | 3.9 | 45 | 2.0 | 250 | 10.8 | 505 | 21.9 |
NZDepQ2 | 2160 | 125 | 5.8 | 110 | 5.1 | 335 | 15.5 | 450 | 20.8 |
NZDepQ3 | 1840 | 125 | 6.8 | 120 | 6.5 | 430 | 23.4 | 455 | 24.7 |
NZDepQ4 | 2010 | 185 | 9.2 | 140 | 7.0 | 520 | 25.9 | 475 | 23.6 |
NZDepQ5 (least) | 1700 | 220 | 12.9 | 190 | 11.2 | 610 | 35.9 | 410 | 24.1 |
Childhood socioeconomic position | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I (low) | II | III | IV (high) | Crude OR childhood SEP [I v IV] | |
n = 2,575 | n = 2,495 | n = 2,490 | n = 2,450 | ||
Adult socioeconomic indicators
| col% | col% | col% | col% | OR |
Highest educational qualification
| |||||
Degree or higher | 10.5% | 13.6% | 20.7% | 29.6% | 0.28 |
Post school vocational | 37.9% | 38.5% | 42.0% | 38.2% | 0.99 |
School qualification | 23.1% | 25.7% | 21.1% | 22.4% | 1.04 |
No qualification | 28.5% | 22.2% | 16.3% | 9.6% | 3.77 |
Labour market activity
| |||||
Not employed, looking for work | 1.9% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.37 |
Not employed, not looking for work | 18.3% | 16.4% | 16.9% | 15.3% | 1.24 |
Working | 79.8% | 82.6% | 81.7% | 83.1% | 0.81 |
Household income
| |||||
q1: low - < $21,080 | 10.9% | 11.0% | 11.2% | 7.3% | 1.54 |
q2: $21,080 - < $34,010 | 18.8% | 16.6% | 14.9% | 14.5% | 1.37 |
q3: $34,010 - < $49,380 | 21.2% | 18.8% | 18.9% | 17.1% | 1.30 |
q4: $49,380 - < $72,280 | 24.7% | 23.6% | 24.5% | 22.4% | 1.13 |
q5: $72,280 - < high | 24.5% | 30.1% | 30.5% | 38.6% | 0.52 |
NZ Deprivation
| |||||
NZDepQ1 (least) | 18.6% | 22.8% | 21.5% | 29.2% | 0.56 |
NZDepQ2 | 19.4% | 22.2% | 22.9% | 21.8% | 0.86 |
NZDepQ3 | 17.5% | 18.0% | 19.1% | 18.8% | 0.92 |
NZDepQ4 | 22.3% | 20.0% | 19.1% | 19.0% | 1.23 |
NZDepQ5 (most) | 22.1% | 16.8% | 17.5% | 11.2% | 2.25 |
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity | Model 2 adjusted for education | Model 3 adjusted for labour market activity | Model 4 adjusted for household income | Model 5 adjusted for NZDep | Model 6 adjusted for all adult SEP | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR
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95% CI
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OR
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95% CI
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% decline
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OR
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95% CI
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% decline
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OR
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95% CI
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% decline
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OR
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95% CI
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% decline
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OR
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95% CI
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% decline
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Poor self rated health
| 1.82 | (1.39-2.38) | 1.37 | (1.03-1.80) | 55% | 1.79 | (1.36-2.35) | 4% | 1.55 | (1.17-2.03) | 33% | 1.58 | (1.20-2.08) | 29% | 1.30 | (0.98-1.73) | 63% |
High/Very high psychological distress
| 1.60 | (1.20-2.14) | 1.20 | (0.89-1.62) | 66% | 1.57 | (1.17-2.10) | 6% | 1.38 | (1.03-1.85) | 37% | 1.37 | (1.02-1.84) | 38% | 1.12 | (0.82-1.52) | 80% |
Current Smoker
| 1.70 | (1.42-2.03) | 1.15 | (0.95-1.39) | 78% | 1.68 | (1.40-2.01) | 3% | 1.49 | (1.24-1.79) | 30% | 1.49 | (1.24-1.79) | 30% | 1.05 | (0.86-1.27) | 93% |
Binge drinker
| 1.16 | (0.98-1.37) |