Introduction
Materials and methods
Subjects
Study design
Diagnosis of sarcopenia and related symptoms
Physical activity status
Cytokine, albumin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measurements
Statistical analysis
Results
All subjects (%) n = 41 | Group E (%) n = 21 | Group C (%) n = 20 | x2/t/Z/F | P 值 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 60.0 (43.0, 68.0) | 59.0 (32.5, 66.5) | 62.5 (50.5, 70.0) | − 1.253 | 0.210 |
Sex | 1.205 | 0.272 | |||
Male | 21 (51.2) | 9 (42.9) | 12 (60.0) | ||
Female | 20 (48.8) | 12 (57.1) | 8 (40.0) | ||
Dry weight (kg) | 53.21 ± 9.36 | 52.03 ± 9.26 | 54.44 ± 9.55 | − 0.817 | 0.419 |
Economic status | 0.023 | 0.879 | |||
Feel financially difficult | 20 (48.8) | 10 (47.6) | 10 (50.0) | ||
Feel not financially difficulty | 21 (51.2) | 11 (52.4) | 10 (50.0) | ||
Marital status | 0.067 | 0.796 | |||
Married | 30 (73.2) | 15 (71.4) | 15 (75.0) | ||
No spouse | 11 (26.8) | 6 (28.6) | 5 (25.0) | ||
Educational level | 3.027 | 0.463 | |||
Elementary school and below | 9 (22.0) | 3 (14.3) | 6 (30.0) | ||
Junior high school | 3 (7.3) | 2 (9.5) | 1 (5.0) | ||
High school and secondary School | 23 (56.1) | 14 (66.7) | 9 (45.0) | ||
College and university | 6 (14.6) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (20.0) | ||
Dialysis age | 59.0 (31.5, 86.0) | 69.0 (31.5, 87.5) | 57.5 (32.5, 86.5) | − 0.157 | 0.876 |
Primary disease | 2.289 | 0.512 | |||
Chronic nephritis | 21 (51.2) | 9 (42.9) | 12 (60.0) | ||
Diabetic nephritis | 6 (14.6) | 3 (14.3) | 3 (15.0) | ||
Hypertensive nephritis | 5 (12.2) | 4 (19.0) | 1 (5.0) | ||
Others | 9 (22.0) | 5 (23.8) | 4 (20.0) | ||
Complication | 0.196 | 0.658 | |||
Yes | 15 (36.6) | 7 (33.3) | 8 (40.0) | ||
No | 26 (63.4) | 14 (66.7) | 12 (60.0) |
Changes in physical activity and biochemistry data
Group E (n = 21) | Group C (n = 20) |
t/F
| P 值 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Before | After | |||
Maximum grip strength (kg) | 22.23 ± 5.27 | 26.03 ± 3.85 | 20.99 ± 6.05 | 21.34 ± 6.16 | 2.937 | 0.006 |
Daily pace (m/s) | 0.97 ± 0.35 | 1.16 ± 0.33 | 0.98 ± 0.25 | 0.94 ± 0.26 | 2.305 | 0.027 |
Physical activity level (n, %) | 16.137a | < 0.01 | ||||
Mild | 12 (57.1) | 3 (14.3) | 15 (75.0) | 13 (65.0) | ||
Moderate | 6 (28.6) | 6 (28.6) | 5 (25.0) | 6 (30.0) | ||
Severe | 3 (14.3) | 12 (57.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | ||
Neutrophil ratio (%) | 65.33 ± 10.30 | 66.39 ± 10.24 | 69.83 ± 6.55 | 71.83 ± 8.29 | − 1.875 | 0.068 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 107.10 ± 21.52 | 103.43 ± 18.03 | 105.95 ± 19.54 | 105.00 ± 20.27 | − 0.262 | 0.795 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 9.17 ± 2.23 | 9.62 ± 0.27 | 9.36 ± 2.83 | 9.60 ± 3.29 | 0.028 | 0.978 |
Kt/V | 1.61 (1.46, 1.95) | 1.70 ± 0.27 | 1.53 (1.45, 1.70) | 1.47 ± 0.32 | 2.464 | 0.018 |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 37.19 ± 3.72 | 39.84 ± 3.37 | 37.79 ± 2.68 | 36.01 ± 6.39 | 2.384 | 0.024 |
nPCR (g/kg/d) | 1.39 ± 0.41 | 1.74 ± 0.30 | 1.38 ± 0.69 | 1.78 ± 0.49 | − 0.321 | 0.750 |
Changes in muscle-related nutritional indicators
Group E (n = 21) | Group C (n = 20) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | 4 weeks | 12 weeks | Before | 4 weeks | 12 weeks | |
BMI | 18.96 ± 3.08 | 18.83 ± 3.07 | 19.44 ± 3.26 | 20.49 ± 3.41 | 20.45 ± 3.25 | 20.82 ± 3.41 |
SMI | 5.70 ± 0.80 | 5.54 ± 0.70 | 5.69 ± 0.84 | 5.87 ± 0.69 | 5.85 ± 0.69 | 5.90 ± 0.69 |
SMM (kg) | 21.19 ± 3.65 | 20.60 ± 3.40 | 21.20 ± 3.93 | 21.06 ± 3.12 | 21.12 ± 2.97 | 21.21 ± 2.97 |
FM (kg) | 10.10 (8.05, 18.50) | 10.80 (8.90, 18.80) | 10.00 (8.20, 20.55) | 14.15 (9.13, 19.90) | 14.35 (9.63, 19.90) | 14.05 (11.55, 19.75) |
FMI | 3.40 (3.15, 6.85) | 3.80 (3.30, 7.05) | 3.90 (3.05, 7.45) | 5.60 (3.28, 7.33) | 5.60 (3.28, 7.18) | 5.75 (4.32, 7.92) |
FFM (kg) | 39.66 ± 6.38 | 38.59 ± 5.91 | 39.77 ± 7.02 | 39.37 ± 5.24 | 39.05 ± 4.91 | 39.68 ± 4.96 |
FFMI | 14.43 ± 1.71 | 14.09 ± 1.54 | 14.46 ± 1.88 | 14.78 ± 1.25 | 14.70 ± 1.31 | 14.89 ± 1.24 |
WHR | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 0.90 ± 0.07 | 0.90 ± 0.07 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.91 ± 0.08 |
Repeated measurement data analysis of variance | Contrast analysis results | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F
group
|
P
|
F
time
|
P
|
F
group × time
|
P
|
t/Z
a
|
P
|
t/Z
b
|
P
| |
BMI | 5.301 | 0.027 | 0.310 | 0.705 | 0.017 | 0.974 | − 1.637 | 0.110 | − 1.321 | 0.194 |
SMI | 1.807 | 0.187 | 0.346 | 0.676 | 0.122 | 0.855 | − 1.390 | 0.172 | − 0.887 | 0.381 |
SMM | 0.032 | 0.858 | 0.162 | 0.831 | 0.146 | 0.845 | − 0.527 | 0.601 | − 0.009 | 0.993 |
FM | 3.658 | 0.063 | 0.213 | 0.750 | 0.020 | 0.956 | − 1.161c | 0.246 | − 1.461c | 0.144 |
FMI | 4.369 | 0.043 | 0.202 | 0.763 | 0.031 | 3.000 | − 1.057c | 0.291 | − 1.383c | 0.167 |
FFM | 0.000 | 0.985 | 0.370 | 0.671 | 0.061 | 0.927 | − 0.269 | 0.790 | 0.048 | 0.962 |
FFMI | 1.990 | 0.166 | 0.488 | 0.593 | 0.106 | 0.877 | − 1.367 | 0.179 | − 0.874 | 0.387 |
WHR | 2.017 | 0.163 | 0.123 | 0.851 | 0.136 | 0.839 | − 0.569 | 0.573 | − 0.798 | 0.430 |
Changes in systemic inflammation
Group E (n = 21) | Group C (n = 20) |
Z
|
P
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Before | After | |||
CRP (pg/mL) | 2.23 (1.29, 5.24) | 2.02 (1.40, 3.73) | 2.91 (1.91, 8.48) | 3.47 (1.95, 7.10) | − 2.335 | 0.020 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 7.72 (4.95, 14.33) | 9.43 (6.30, 12.47) | 5.48 (3.89, 10.06) | 7.93 (5.61, 11.31) | − 0.757 | 0.449 |
IL-10 (pg/mL) | 0.82 (0.54, 0.94) | 1.37 (1.18, 2.00) | 0.79 (0.52, 1.43) | 1.21 (0.93, 1.67) | − 0.939 | 0.348 |
TNF-α (pg/mL) | 1.35 (0.59, 6.85) | 1.26 (0.51, 8.96) | 0.60 (0.20, 6.59) | 4.45 (0.35, 12.19) | − 0.665 | 0.506 |
IL-6/TNF-α | 5.83 (1.24, 13.30) | 8.07 (1.91, 14.09) | 7.73 (2.25, 17.85) | 2.24 (0.64, 22.73) | − 1.174 | 0.241 |
Group E (n = 21) | Group C (n = 20) | Difference between group E | Difference between group C | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Before | After | |||
CRP (pg/mL) | 3.71 | 2.79 | 5.86 | 5.24 | − 0.92 | − 0.62 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 23.23 | 32.49 | 40.24 | 41.23 | 9.26 | 0.99 |
IL-10 (pg/mL) | 1.22 | 3.4 | 3.83 | 4.55 | 2.18 | 0.72 |
TNF-α (pg/mL) | 114.99 | 76.71 | 108.04 | 102.86 | − 38.28 | − 5.18 |
IL-6/TNF-α | 10.59 | 30.39 | 10.45 | 10.37 | 19.8 | − 0.08 |