Background
Height and weight
Cardiovascular outcomes
Methods
Data source
Sample selection
Outcome variables/ assessments
Outcome references
BMI and height
BP
Class | SBP / DBP percentile |
Normal | <90th |
High-normal | ≥90th to < 95th ≥120/80 even if below 90th percentile in adolescents |
Stage 1 hypertension | 95th percentile to the 99th percentile plus 5 mmHg |
Stage 2 hypertension | >99th percentile plus 5 mmHg |
Statistical methods
Results
MPH < 12 months | MPH ≥ 12 months | ADHD control | Non-ADHD control | Total (n) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys 6–10 years (n / %) | 36 (0.85) | 22 (0.52) | 132 (3.11) | 2003 (47.20) | 2193 |
Boys 11–15 years (n / %) | 29 (0.68) | 31 (0.73) | 188 (4.43) | 1803 (42.48) | 2051 |
Total (n / %) | 65 (1.53) | 53 (1.25) | 320 (7.54) | 3806 (89.68) | 4244 |
Body mass index
BMI ≤ 3rd percentile, n (%) | MPH < 12 months (n = 65) | MPH ≥ 12 months (n = 53) | ADHD control (n = 317) | Non-ADHD control (n = 3794) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Boys 6–15 years (n = 4229) | ||||
Yes | 5 (7.69) | 4 (7.55) | 11 (3.47) | 108 (2.85) |
No | 60 (92.31) | 49 (92.45) | 306 (96.53) | 3686 (97.15) |
OR (95% CI), p-value | 2.84 (1.12–7.22) 0.028 | 2.79 (0.99–7.89) 0.053 | 1.23 (0.65–2.31) 0.523 | Reference |
Boys 6–10 years (n = 2185) | ||||
Yes | 4 (11.11) | 1 (4.55) | 3 (2.29) | 56 (2.81) |
No | 32 (88.89) | 21 (95.45) | 128 (97.71) | 1940 (97.19) |
OR (95% CI), p-value | 4.52 (1.54–13.28), 0.006 | 1.83 (0.24–14.04), 0.561 | 0.84 (0.26–2.71), 0.766 | Reference |
Boys 11–15 years (n = 2044) | ||||
Yes | 1 (3.45) | 3 (9.68) | 8 (4.30) | 52 (2.89) |
No | 28 (96.55) | 28 (90.32) | 178 (95.70) | 1746 (97.11) |
OR (95% CI), p-value | 1.20 (0.16–8.98), 0.860 | 3.59 (1.06–12.22) 0.040 | 1.51 (0.71–3.23), 0.289 | Reference |
Height
Height ≤ 3rd percentile, n (%) | MPH < 12 months (n = 65) | MPH ≥ 12 months (n = 53) | ADHD control (n = 319) | Non-ADHD control (n = 3805) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Boys 6–15 years (n = 4242) | ||||
Yes | 2 (3.08) | 3 (5.66) | 11 (3.45) | 104 (2.73) |
No | 63 (96.92) | 50 (94.34) | 308 (96.55) | 3701 (97.27) |
OR (95% CI), p-value | 1.13 (0.27–4.68) 0.866 | 2.10 (0.64–6.85) 0.219 | 1.25 (0.67–2.36) 0.483 | Reference |
Boys 6–10 years (n = 2191) | ||||
Yes | 2 (5.56) | 2 (9.09) | 3 (2.29) | 53 (2.65) |
No | 34 (94.44) | 20 (90.91) | 128 (97.71) | 1949 (97.35) |
OR (95% CI), p-value | 2.22 (0.52–9.53), 0.282 | 3.94 (0.88–17.62), 0.073 | 0.88 (0.27–2.86), 0.830 | Reference |
Boys 11–15 years (n = 2051) | ||||
Yes | 0 (0.00) | 1 (3.23) | 8 (4.26) | 51 (2.83) |
No | 29 (100.00) | 30 (96.77) | 180 (95.74) | 1752 (97.17) |
OR (95% CI), p-value | - | 1.19 (0.16–8.95), 0.863 | 1.55 (0.72–3.32), 0.260 | Reference |
Blood pressure
MPH < 12 months (n = 65) | MPH ≥ 12 months (n = 53) | ADHD control (n = 318) | Non-ADHD control (n = 3802) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
i) Mean SBP (SD) / mmHg | 107.71 (9.43) | 107.23 (9.48) | 107.71 (10.75) | 108.61 (11.02) |
ii) SBP Category | ||||
Normal, n (%) | 53 (81.54) | 45 (84.91) | 273 (85.85) | 3142 (82.64) |
Normal-high, n (%) | 8 (12.31) | 3 (5.66) | 27 (8.49) | 328 (8.63) |
Stage 1 hypertension, n (%) | 4 (6.15) | 5 (9.43) | 17 (5.35) | 308 (8.10) |
Stage 2 hypertension, n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.31) | 24 (0.63) |
iii) Mean DBP (SD) / mmHg | 64.65 (5.75) | 67.19 (7.38) | 64.86 (7.51) | 65.31 (7.44) |
iv) DBP Category | ||||
Normal, n (%) | 62 (95.38) | 46 (86.79) | 292 (91.82) | 3494 (91.90) |
Normal-high, n (%) | 3 (4.62) | 3 (5.66) | 21 (6.60) | 197 (5.18) |
Stage 1 hypertension, n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (7.55) | 5 (1.57) | 100 (2.63) |
Stage 2 hypertension, n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 11 (0.29) |
OR (95% CI) | Std Err | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Normal SBP (base outcome) | |||
Raised SBP | |||
MPH < 12 months | 1.09 (0.56–2.12) | 0.37 | 0.796 |
MPH ≥12 months | 0.91 (0.41–1.99) | 0.36 | 0.807 |
ADHD Control | 0.65 (0.46–0.92) | 0.12 | 0.016¥ |
Non-ADHD Control | Reference | ||
Normal DBP (base outcome) | |||
Raised DBP | |||
MPH < 12 months | 0.55 (0.17–1.77) | 0.32 | 0.315 |
MPH ≥12 months | 1.80 (0.80–4.06) | 0.75 | 0.159 |
ADHD Control | 0.88 (0.57–1.35) | 0.19 | 0.554 |
Non-ADHD Control | Reference |