Background
Methods
Participants
LST bodyweight training group
Machine training group (control)
Measurements
Sample size calculation
Statistical analysis
Ethics statement
Results
Baseline variables | LST group (n = 65) | Control group (n = 31) | p value | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | ± | SD | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | ± | SD | Minimum | Maximum | ||
Female sex (%) | 50 (76.9) | 25 (80.6) | 0.6838 | ||||||||
Age (years) | 80.6 | ± | 6.1 | 66 | 93 | 80.4 | ± | 5.7 | 70 | 91 | 0.8809 |
Body weight (kg) | 54.7 | ± | 10.3 | 30.4 | 84.3 | 57.3 | ± | 11.3 | 36.4 | 80.1 | 0.2799 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.2 | ± | 18.1 | 95 | 185 | 129.9 | ± | 21. | 95 | 181 | 0.7540 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 67.6 | ± | 10.7 | 41 | 92 | 68.6 | ± | 10.7 | 43 | 89 | 0.6710 |
Timed Up and Go test (sec) | 12.2 | ± | 5.7 | 6.4 | 32.0 | 14.7 | ± | 6.4 | 6.5 | 31.8 | 0.0567 |
One leg balance with an open eye (sec) | 11.4 | ± | 13.0 | 0.37 | 60.0 | 16.5 | ± | 21.6 | 1.02 | 60.0 | 0.1534 |
CS-30 test (counts/30 s) | 23.1 | ± | 7.8 | 2 | 43 | 17.4 | ± | 7.3 | 6 | 32 |
0.0011
|
Smoking status (%) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (6.4) | 0.1997 | ||||||||
Current medical history (multiple answers) | |||||||||||
Cerebrovascular diseases | 16 | 9 | |||||||||
Heart diseases | 13 | 7 | |||||||||
Malignant neoplasm | 9 | 6 | |||||||||
Respiratory diseases | 5 | 2 | |||||||||
Joint diseases | 61 | 22 | |||||||||
Dementia | 5 | 2 | |||||||||
Parkinson’s disease | 2 | 0 | |||||||||
Diabetes | 7 | 3 | |||||||||
Visual/hearing disorder | 17 | 3 | |||||||||
Fracture/fall | 15 | 8 | |||||||||
Spinal cord injury | 1 | 0 | |||||||||
Hypertensive diseases | 22 | 12 | |||||||||
Others | 26 | 14 |
Baseline | 3 months | p value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LST group (n = 65) | |||||||
Body weight (kg) | 54.7 | ± | 10.4 | 54.6 | ± | 10.6 | 0.2840 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.2 | ± | 18.2 | 122.7 | ± | 17.4 |
0.0005
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 67.6 | ± | 10.7 | 63.9 | ± | 10.7 |
0.0063
|
Timed Up and Go test (sec) | 12.2 | ± | 5.7 | 11.6 | ± | 5.6 |
0.0263
|
One leg balance with an open eye (sec) | 11.4 | ± | 13.1 | 12.8 | ± | 14.1 | 0.0964 |
CS-30 test (counts/30 s) | 23.1 | ± | 7.8 | 25.1 | ± | 7.7 |
0.0016
|
Control group (n = 31) | |||||||
Body weight (kg) | 57.3 | ± | 11.3 | 57.8 | ± | 11.4 |
0.0266
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.9 | ± | 21.0 | 130.0 | ± | 21.6 | 0.9687 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68.6 | ± | 10.7 | 69.8 | ± | 12.4 | 0.4565 |
Timed Up and Go test (sec) | 14.7 | ± | 6.4 | 13.7 | ± | 5.7 | 0.1071 |
One leg balance with an open eye (sec) | 16.5 | ± | 21.6 | 15.0 | ± | 21.0 | 0.6035 |
CS-30 test (counts/30 s) | 17.4 | ± | 7.3 | 18.3 | ± | 7.6 | 0.2044 |
Baseline—month 3 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LST group (n = 65) | Control group (n = 31) | p value | |||
Body weight (kg) | − 0.30 | (− 0.64 to 0.03) | 0.49 | (− 0.01 to 0.98) |
0.0105
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | − 8.52 | (− 12.76 to − 4.29) | 0.09 | (− 6.04 to 6.23) |
0.0239
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | − 3.74 | (− 6.24 to − 1.23) | 1.22 | (− 2.40 to 4.85) |
0.0278
|
Timed Up and Go test (sec) | − 0.60 | (− 1.22 to 0.01) | − 0.94 | (− 1.83 to − 0.04) | 0.3311 |
One leg balance with an open eye (sec) | 1.42 | (− 1.51 to 4.34) | − 1.54 | (− 5.77 to 2.69) | 0.0910 |
CS-30 test (counts/30 s) | 2.06 | (0.91 to 3.22) | 0.90 | (− 0.77 to 2.58) | 0.2613 |