Effects of low omega-6/omega-3 ratio and high omega-9/omega-6 ratio oil blend on inflammation and oxidative stress after tooth extraction in rats

This study evaluated the effects and mechanisms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory oils with a high omega-9:omega-6 ratio and a low omega-6:omega-3 ratio on post-extraction healing in rats.

A total of 128 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Sham, Saline, Isolipidic, and Anti-inflammatory/Antioxidant. The animals received one of the following treatments: (1) 0.9% NaCl solution (Sham Group or Saline Group); (2) an isolipidic mixture containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and a combination of ω-9, ω-6, and ω-3 fatty acids derived from corn oil and soybean oil—rich in omega-6:omega-3 and omega-9:omega-6 ratios (Isolipidic Group); or (3) an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mixture containing ALA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), composed of olive oil (61%), canola oil (24%), and fish oil (15%) (Test Group). Treatments were administered by gavage for four days pre-extraction and three days post-surgery. Animals were euthanized at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post-extraction. Blood and tissue samples were analyzed for myeloperoxidase, osteoclast count, IL-1β, NFκB, iNOS, BMP-2 expression, glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS).

The Anti-inflammatory/Antioxidant mixture significantly reduced myeloperoxidase expression, osteoclast count, GSH, TBARS, and IL-1β levels on day 7. It also decreased NFκB, iNOS, and BMP-2 expression on days 3 and 7 compared to the Saline and Isolipidic groups.

The Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant mixture effectively reduced inflammation and oxidative stress during the inflammatory and proliferative phases of post-extraction healing, suggesting potential benefits in clinical applications for oral surgery recovery.