Background
Methods
Animals
Study design
Behavioral tests
Spontaneous locomotor activity
Social interaction test
Elevated plus maze test
Morris water maze test
Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)
Social avoidance test
Preparation of brain tissue
Western blot analyses
Synthesis and specificity of antibodies for D2L and D2S
Statistical analysis
Results
Social defeat stress
Spontaneous locomotor activity
Parameters | Control group (n = 15) |
p
a
| Unsusceptible group (n = 20–21) |
p
a
| Susceptible group (n = 38–39) |
p
a
|
p
b
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Change | Before | After | Change | Before | After | Change | |||||
Distance travelled (cm) | 10,265.16 ± 813.84 | 9520.58 ± 635.32 | − 593.49 ± 812.32 | 0.401 | 9416.40 ± 565.47 | 7138.97 ± 483.44 | − 1457.57 ± 617.62 | 0.001 | 9082.38 ± 296.26 | 8313.24 ± 292.81 | − 629.96 ± 317.99 | 0.018 | 0.431 |
Time spent in central zone (25%) | 83.87 ± 17.63 | 27.24 ± 4.96 | − 49.88 ± 9.92 | 0.004 | 104.49 ± 15.02 | 51.70 ± 7.66 | − 57.66 ± 13.48 | 0.002 | 103.65 ± 11.94 | 28.54 ± 5.23 | − 67.35 ± 7.88 | < 0.001 | 0.494 |
Time spent in central zone (50%) | 357.77 ± 65.91 | 158.46 ± 31.14 | − 154.02 ± 33.75 | 0.008 | 335.34 ± 36.32 | 134.81 ± 24.06 | − 177.15 ± 33.68 | < 0.001 | 296.35 ± 30.94 | 152.84 ± 20.38 | − 125.55 ± 25.92 | < 0.001 | 0.449 |
Locomotion time (sec) | 1205.35 ± 78.34 | 1121.15 ± 62.03 | − 41.86 ± 65.94 | 0.347 | 1138.77 ± 56.74 | 841.68 ± 65.19 | − 330.28 ± 59.17*† | < 0.001 | 1123.74 ± 33.28 | 1038.77 ± 29.33 | − 116.99 ± 32.72 | 0.026 | 0.001 |
EPM test
Parameters | Control group (n = 12) |
p
a
| Unsusceptible group (n = 16) |
p
a
| Susceptible group (n = 34) |
p
a
|
p
b
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Change | Before | After | Change | Before | After | Change | |||||
Time spent in arms (s) | |||||||||||||
Open arm | 39.90 ± 6.36 | 18.89 ± 4.90 | − 21.01 ± 7.72 | 0.020 | 32.77 ± 4.70 | 10.38 ± 3.08 | − 22.38 ± 5.83 | 0.003 | 53.12 ± 4.95 | 5.93 ± 1.66 | − 47.18 ± 4.97*† | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
Closed arm | 212.43 ± 8.54 | 249.29 ± 9.48 | 36.85 ± 12.04 | 0.011 | 221.55 ± 6.68 | 270.98 ± 4.72 | 49.42 ± 8.79 | < 0.001 | 199.25 ± 5.28 | 277.99 ± 2.83 | 78.74 ± 5.84* | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
Number of entries | |||||||||||||
Open arm | 6.16 ± 1.02 | 2.33 ± 0.52 | − 3.83 ± 1.19 | 0.008 | 7.09 ± 1.54 | 1.54 ± 0.65 | − 5.54 ± 0.85 | < 0.001 | 7.00 ± 0.55 | 1.03 ± 0.24 | − 5.96 ± 0.58 | < 0.001 | 0.275 |
Closed arm | 14.91 ± 1.00 | 16.25 ± 1.23 | 1.33 ± 2.11 | 0.541 | 16.90 ± 1.58 | 11.0 ± 1.09 | − 5.90 ± 1.86* | 0.010 | 15.5 ± 0.61 | 9.25 ± 0.78 | − 6.25 ± 0.99* | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
Social interaction test
MWM test
Dopaminergic marker proteins
D2 isoforms
Brain regions | Control group (n = 7–9) | Unsusceptible group (n = 8–11) | Susceptible group (n = 16–20) |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D2L | PFC | 1 ± 0.19 | 1.44 ± 0.24 | 1.29 ± 0.17 | 0.453 |
ST | 1 ± 0.16 | 1.18 ± 0.15 | 1.10 ± 0.09 | 0.695 | |
AMY | 1 ± 0.17 | 1.17 ± 0.16 | 1.65 ± 0.16* | 0.006 | |
HIP | 1 ± 0.22 | 1.39 ± 0.32 | 0.96 ± 0.13 | 0.307 | |
D2S | PFC | 1 ± 0.16 | 1.04 ± 0.19 | 1.02 ± 0.14 | 0.988 |
ST | 1 ± 0.17 | 0.77 ± 0.10 | 0.91 ± 0.08 | 0.503 | |
AMY | 1 ± 0.11 | 1.08 ± 0.23 | 1.77 ± 0.17*† | 0.009 | |
HIP | 1 ± 0.19 | 0.70 ± 0.09 | 1.14 ± 0.09 | 0.058 | |
Total DARPP-32 | PFC | 1 ± 0.14 | 1.38 ± 0.16 | 1.16 ± 0.11 | 0.246 |
ST | 1 ± 0.15 | 0.81 ± 0.13 | 0.88 ± 0.11 | 0.719 | |
AMY | 1 ± 0.18 | 1.23 ± 0.14 | 0.93 ± 0.08 | 0.191 | |
HIP | 1 ± 0.28 | 1.02 ± 0.17 | 0.60 ± 0.06 | 0.071 | |
p-DARPP-32 Thr34 | PFC | 1 ± 0.07 | 1.15 ± 0.12 | 1.33 ± 0.09 | 0.113 |
ST | 1 ± 0.11 | 1.15 ± 0.14 | 0.98 ± 0.07 | 0.475 | |
AMY | 1 ± 0.14 | 1.31 ± 0.14 | 1.42 ± 0.13 | 0.185 | |
HIP | 1 ± 0.23 | 0.93 ± 0.13 | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 0.781 | |
p-DARPP-32 Thr75 | PFC | 1 ± 0.08 | 1.20 ± 0.11 | 1.09 ± 0.06 | 0.349 |
ST | 1 ± 0.14 | 0.97 ± 0.09 | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.976 | |
AMY | 1 ± 0.02 | 0.70 ± 0.02* | 0.77 ± 0.04* | 0.002 | |
HIP | 1 ± 0.13 | 1.11 ± 0.13 | 1.05 ± 0.13 | 0.899 |
Darpp-32
Intracellular trafficking-related proteins
Brain regions | Control group (n = 7–9) | Unsusceptible group (n = 7–10) | Susceptible group (n = 16–19) |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ARF-6 | PFC | 1 ± 0.13 | 0.87 ± 0.12 | 0.99 ± 0.04 | 0.552 |
ST | 1 ± 0.12 | 1.15 ± 0.03 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 0.371 | |
AMY | 1 ± 0.09 | 1.37 ± 0.09 | 1.20 ± 0.08 | 0.094 | |
HIP | 1 ± 0.12 | 0.95 ± 0.11 | 1.06 ± 0.07 | 0.691 | |
GASP-1 | PFC | 1 ± 0.13 | 1.31 ± 0.19 | 0.91 ± 0.06 | 0.054 |
ST | 1 ± 0.14 | 0.89 ± 0.07 | 0.94 ± 0.05 | 0.249 | |
AMY | 1 ± 0.10 | 1.33 ± 0.12 | 1.32 ± 0.06* | 0.043 | |
HIP | 1 ± 0.10 | 1.24 ± 0.13 | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 0.123 | |
Rab4 | PFC | 1 ± 0.07 | 1.20 ± 0.14 | 1.30 ± 1.10 | 0.276 |
ST | 1 ± 0.11 | 1.04 ± 0.16 | 1.08 ± 0.06 | 0.944 | |
AMY | 1 ± 0.07 | 1.17 ± 0.06 | 1.27 ± 0.04* | 0.005 | |
HIP | 1 ± 0.11 | 1.04 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.04 | 0.303 | |
Rab11 | PFC | 1 ± 0.06 | 1.17 ± 0.08 | 1.21 ± 0.04 | 0.097 |
ST | 1 ± 0.12 | 1.22 ± 0.05 | 1.17 ± 0.06 | 0.204 | |
AMY | 1 ± 0.10 | 1.07 ± 0.09 | 1.07 ± 0.04 | 0.742 | |
HIP | 1 ± 0.13 | 1.20 ± 0.09 | 1.21 ± 0.04 | 0.185 |