Background
Methods
Animals
Interventions
Measurements
Experimental design
Statistical analysis
Results
AR and LV measurements (Fig. 1)
T1 | T2 |
p
| T3 |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heart Rate (beats/min) | 258 ± 11 | 270 ± 7 | 0,756 | 193 ± 15 | 0,251 |
Left Atrium (mm) | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 0,872 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 0,118 |
LVEDD (mm) | 7.9 ± 0.5 | 11.1 ± 0.4 | 0,938 | 10.1 ± 0.5 | 0,209 |
LVESD (mm) | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 0,736 | 6.1 ± 0.4 | 0,072 |
FS (%) | 31.5 ± 1.4 | 30.5 ± 1.0 | 0,937 | 35.4 ± 1.5 | 0,011 |
EF (%) | 64.1 ± 2.0 | 63.9 ± 1.4 | 0,630 | 68.8 ± 2.5 | 0,032 |
Stroke Volume (ml) | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.18 | 0,448 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0,762 |
Cardiac Output (ml/min) | 79.5 ± 9.3 | 52.0 ± 4.5 | 0,890 | 61.6 ± 8.6 | 0,393 |
SWTs (mm) | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 0,671 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 0,457 |
SWTd (mm) | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 0,971 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 0,092 |
Systolic time (ms) | 126 ± 3.7 | 134 ± 2.6 | 0,245 | 135 ± 2.6 | 0,153 |
Diastolic time (ms) | 139 ± 8.4 | 135 ± 8.3 | 0,207 | 157 ± 14.5 | 0,138 |
PEP (ms) | 15.0 ± 1.6 | 25.4 ± 1.3 | 0,413 | 21.8 ± 1.0 | 0,308 |
LVET (ms) | 110 ± 4.4 | 109 ± 2.8 | 0,310 | 113 ± 3.9 | 0,268 |
PEP/LVET | 0.13 + 0.02 | 0.23 + 0.02 | 0,800 | 0.19 + 0.01 | 0,968 |
Systolic time/RR | 0.48 + 0.02 | 0.50 + 0.02 | 0,344 | 0.47 + 0.02 | 0,370 |
Effects of placebo in rats with AR (Table 2)
Before infusion | After infusion | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Heart Rate (beats/min) | 249 ± 18 | 220 ± 41 | 0.437 |
Left Atrium (mm) | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 0.541 |
LVEDD (mm) | 10.6 ± 0.8 | 12.24 ± 1.07 | 0.092 |
LVESD (mm) | 7.5 ± 0.6 | 6.9 ± 0.84 | 0.341 |
FS (%) | 28.8 ± 1.4 | 29.6 ± 5.2 | 0.706 |
EF (%) | 60.8 ± 1.8 | 61.0 ± 8.4 | 0.968 |
Stroke Volume (ml) | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.24 + 0.08 | 0.890 |
Cardiac Output (ml/min) | 60 ± 8 | 60 ± 12 | 0.369 |
SWTs (mm) | 3.0 ± 0.16 | 2.9 ± 0.47 | 0.122 |
SWTd (mm) | 1.6 ± 0.17 | 1.7 ± 0.29 | 0.281 |
Systolic time (ms) | 136 ± 5 | 123 ± 17 | 0.340 |
Diastolic time (ms) | 144 ± 24 | 173 ± 41 | 0.054 |
PEP (ms) | 25.8 ± 4.6 | 21.2 ± 6.2 | 0.125 |
LVET (ms) | 110 ± 8 | 102 ± 14 | 0.490 |
PEP/LVET | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.182 |
Systolic time/RR | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 0.42 ± 0.05 | 0.047 |
Effects of OM in rats with AR (Table 3)
Before infusion | After infusion | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Heart Rate (beats/min) | 253 ± 22 | 207 ± 35 | 0.091 |
Left Atrium (mm) | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 0.037 |
LVEDD (mm) | 11.6 ± 1.09 | 9.0 ± 1.51 | 0.003 |
LVESD (mm) | 7.8 ± 0.91 | 5.4 ± 1.30 | 0.009 |
FS (%) | 32.1 ± 3.4 | 41.1 ± 5.3 | 0.004 |
EF (%) | 65.0 ± 4.7 | 76.6 ± 5.8 | 0.002 |
Stroke Volume (ml) | 0.19 ± 0.06 | 0.36 + 0.11 | 0.011 |
Cardiac Output (ml/min) | 44 ± 16 | 76 ± 14 | 0.027 |
SWTs (mm) | 2.67± 0.48 | 3.33 ± 0.51 | 0.390 |
SWTd (mm) | 1.6 ± 0.17 | 2.4 ± 0.39 | 0.274 |
Systolic time (ms) | 133 ± 7 | 147 ± 8 | 0.003 |
Diastolic time (ms) | 127 ± 16 | 141 ± 33 | 0.384 |
PEP (ms) | 25.0 ± 2.3 | 22.4 ± 1.8 | 0.042 |
LVET (ms) | 108 ± 6 | 125 ± 9 | 0.002 |
PEP/LVET | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.007 |
Systolic time/RR | 0.51 ± 0.04 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.735 |
Effects of OM versus placebo after 2 months of AR (Table 4)
T1 | T2 | p | T3 |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heart Rate (beats/min) | 226 ± 23 | 228 ± 21 | 0.890 | 208 ± 28 | 0.113 |
Left Atrium (mm) | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 0.966 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 0.277 |
LVEDD (mm) | 7.9 ± 0.5 | 11.1 ± 0.4 | 0.235 | 10.1 ± 0.5 | 0.066 |
LVESD (mm) | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 0.871 | 6.1 ± 0.4 | 0.092 |
FS (%) | 31.5 ± 1.4 | 30.5 ± 1.0 | 0.144 | 35.4 ± 1.5 | 0.014 |
EF (%) | 64.1 ± 2.0 | 63.9 ± 1.4 | 0.173 | 68.8 ± 2.5 | 0.012 |
Stroke Volume (ml) | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.18 | 0.129 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.135 |
Cardiac Output (ml/min) | 79.5 ± 9.3 | 52.0 ± 4.5 | 0.098 | 61.6 ± 8.6 | 0.203 |
SWTs (mm) | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 0.597 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 0.652 |
SWTd (mm) | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 0.439 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 0.040 |
Systolic time (ms) | 126 ± 3.7 | 134 ± 2.6 | 0.626 | 135 ± 2.6 | 0.293 |
Diastolic time (ms) | 139 ± 8.4 | 135 ± 8.3 | 0.341 | 157 ± 14.5 | 0.293 |
PEP (ms) | 15.0 ± 1.6 | 25.4 ± 1.3 | 0.771 | 21.8 ± 1.0 | 0.577 |
LVET (ms) | 110 ± 4.4 | 109 ± 2.8 | 0.752 | 113 ± 3.9 | 0.180 |
PEP/LVET | 0.13 + 0.02 | 0.23 + 0.02 | 0.811 | 0.19 + 0.01 | 0.378 |
Systolic time/RR | 0.48 + 0.02 | 0.50 + 0.02 | 0.567 | 0.47 + 0.02 | 0.063 |