Background
Methods
Data source and extraction
Study design
Outcome
Follow-up
Statistical analysis
Modeling and validation
Results
Characteristics of study cases
Characteristic | Derivation cohort (n = 246) | Validation Cohort (n = 104) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) [mean ± SD] | 67.7 ± 12.3 | 69.0 ± 12.9 | 0.36 |
Men [n (%)] | 153 (62.2) | 63 (60.6) | 0.87 |
NYHA III/IV at Discharge [n (%)] | 203 (82.5) | 89 (85.6) | 0.78 |
Infection [n (%)] | 61 (24.7) | 24 (23.1) | 0.84 |
Ischemia [n (%)] | 66 (26.8) | 36 (34.6) | 0.18 |
Cardiac overload [n (%)] | 43 (17.5) | 11 (10.6) | 0.14 |
Hypertension [n (%)] | 106 (43.1) | 40 (48.1) | 0.45 |
Arrhythemia [n (%)] | 94 (38.2) | 44 (42.3) | 0.55 |
Myocardial infarction [n (%)] | 51 (20.7) | 19 (18.2) | 0.70 |
Cerebral infarction [n (%)] | 38 (15.4) | 21 (20.2) | 0.35 |
Chronic kidney disease [n (%)] | 81 (32.9) | 36 (34.6) | 0.86 |
Chronic liver disease [n (%)] | 49 (19.9) | 27 (26.0) | 0.27 |
Type 2 diabetes [n (%)] | 69 (28.5) | 36 (34.6) | 0.31 |
COPD [n (%)] | 22 (9.0) | 12 (11.5) | 0.58 |
Previous PCI [n (%)] | 34 (13.8) | 19 (18.3) | 0.37 |
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction [Median (IQR)] | 36.5 (27.0, 54.0) | 35 (26.0, 49.3) | 0.24 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index [Median (IQR)] | 2 [1, 2] | 2 [1, 3] | 0.80 |
Length of hospital stay (days) [Median (IQR)] | 9 (7, 11.75) | 9 (6.0, 11.0) | 0.26 |
Characteristic | Readmission (n = 86) | Non-readmission (n = 160) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) [Mean ± SD] | 69.9 ± 10.4 | 66.4 ± 13.1 | 0.019* |
Men [n (%)] | 59 (68.6) | 84 (61.3) | 0.31 |
NYHA rank at discharge (III/IV) [n (%)] | 77 (89.5) | 139 (86.9) | 0.034* |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) [Median (IQR)] | 5963 [3031, 11,269] | 4874 [1607, 5732] | < 0.001* |
Ft3 (pmol/L) [Median (IQR)] | 3.6 [3.2, 4.2] | 3.7 [3.2, 4.3] | 0.42 |
Ft4 (pmol/L) [Median (IQR)] | 16.9 [15.07, 18.8] | 17.5 [15.1, 19.8] | 0.27 |
Tsh (uIU/mL) [Median (IQR)] | 3.0 [1.3, 3.9] | 2.4 [1.2, 4.1] | 0.91 |
White Blood Cell Count (×109/L) [Median (IQR)] | 6.5 [5.0, 7.7] | 6.4 [5.2, 8.0] | 0.61 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) [Mean ± SD] | 112.4 ± 21.3 | 121.6 ± 20.6 | 0.001* |
RDW-CV (%) [Median (IQR)] | 14.1 [13.3, 15.6] | 13.7 [12.9, 14.7] | 0.01* |
RDW-SD (fL) [Median (IQR)] | 47.7 [44.7, 51.4] | 46.7 [43.3, 49.5] | 0.098 |
Platelet (×109/L) [Median (IQR)] | 170 [142, 221] | 166 [130, 209] | 0.31 |
Meam platelet volume (fL) [Mean ± SD] | 10.7 ± 1.3 | 10.9 ± 1.3 | 0.17 |
Glucose (mmol/L) [Median (IQR)] | 5.0 [4.2, 6.5] | 4.6 [4.2, 5.6] | 0.10 |
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) [Median (IQR)] | 3.5 [2.9, 4.0] | 3.4 [2.8, 4.2] | 0.47 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) [Median (IQR)] | 1.3 [1.0, 1.4] | 1.1 [0.8, 1.5] | 0.47 |
High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) [Median (IQR)] | 0.93 [0.8, 1.1] | 0.97 [0.8, 1.1] | 0.30 |
Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) [Median (IQR)] | 2.0 [1.7, 2.5] | 1.9 [1.5, 2.6] | 0.81 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) [Median (IQR)] | 8.8 [5.9, 10.8] | 6.2 [4.4, 8.3] | < 0.001* |
Cardiac troponin I (ng/mL) [Median (IQR)] | 0.043 [0.022, 0.069] | 0.026 [0.013, 0.047] | < 0.001* |
Alanine aminotransferase (u/L) [Median (IQR)] | 19.0 [12.9, 32.2] | 21.5 [12.6, 32.5] | 0.27 |
Aspartate transaminase (u/L) [Median (IQR)] | 26.2 [19.1, 37.9] | 25.9 [19.5, 39.2] | 0.84 |
Infection [n (%)] | 20 (23.2) | 41 (26.3) | 0.79 |
Ischemia [n (%)] | 21 (24.4) | 45 (28.1) | 0.63 |
Cardiac overload [n (%)] | 17 (11.6) | 26 (16.2) | 0.61 |
Hypertension [n (%)] | 35 (40.7) | 71 (44.3) | 0.67 |
Arrhythmia [n (%)] | 32 (37.3) | 62 (38.8) | 0.86 |
Myocardial infarction [n (%)] | 17 (19.8) | 34 (21.3) | 0.91 |
Cerebral infarction [n (%)] | 10 (11.6) | 28 (17.5) | 0.30 |
Chronic kidney disease [n (%)] | 37 (43.0) | 44 (27.5) | 0.019* |
Chronic liver disease [n (%)] | 16 (18.6) | 33 (20.6) | 0.83 |
Type 2 diabetes [n (%)] | 22 (25.6) | 47 (29.3) | 0.63 |
COPD [n (%)] | 12 (14.0) | 10 (6.3) | 0.07 |
Previous PCI [n (%)] | 9 (10.5) | 25 (15.6) | 0.35 |
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction [Median (IQR)] | 35.0 (25.0, 53.0) | 37.0 (28.0, 56.0) | 0.24 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index [Median (IQR)] | 2 [1.0, 3.0] | 2 [1.0, 2.25] | < 0.01* |
Length of hospital stay (days) [Median (IQR)] | 9 (7.0, 12.75) | 9 (7.0, 11) | 0.83 |
Medical insurance [n (%)] | 61 (73.6) | 109 (65.4) | 0.65 |
Characteristic | Readmission (n = 86) | Non-readmission (n = 160) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
ACEs/ARBs [n (%)] | 61 (73.6) | 135 (85.8) | 0.024* |
Beta blockers [n (%)] | 61 (71.9) | 124 (78.7) | 0.27 |
Ca channel blockers [n (%)] | 43 (45.4) | 60 (40.4) | 0.47 |
Thiazide [n (%)] | 12 (10.7) | 11 (7.8) | 0.75 |
Aldosterone blockers [n (%)] | 57 (68.6) | 95 (72.4) | 0.60 |
Loop diuretics [n (%)] | 41 (60.3) | 61 (64.6) | 0.48 |
Nitrates [n (%)] | 66 (79.3) | 107 (65.2) | 0.023* |
Characteristic | Readmission (n = 86) | No readmission (n = 160) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
ACEs/ARBs | 62 (72.1%) | 96 (60.0%) | 0.081 |
Beta blockers | 58 (67.4%) | 122 (76.3%) | 0.182 |
Ca channel blockers | 19 (22.1%) | 30 (18.8%) | 0.647 |
Thiazide | 2 (2.3%) | 9 (5.6%) | 0.384 |
Aldosteroneblockers | 60 (69.8%) | 107 (66.9%) | 0.749 |
Loop diuretics | 50 (58.1%) | 98 (61.3%) | 0.735 |
Nitrates | 12 (14.0%) | 30 (18.8%) | 0.438 |
Model summary
Factor | Adjusted OR | 95%CI | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Log (NT-proBNP) | 4.578 | 2.344–9.351 | < 0.001 |
RDW-CV | 1.226 | 1.022–1.480 | 0.029 |
CCI | 1.305 | 1.063–1.611 | 0.011 |