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Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 11/2016

18.10.2016 | Adipositas | Leitthema

Elektronische Medien in der Adipositas-Prävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. Susann Weihrauch-Blüher, Stefanie Koormann, Jana Brauchmann, Susanna Wiegand

Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz | Ausgabe 11/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die steigende Adipositasprävalenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist unter anderem durch eine geringe körperliche Aktivität und einem damit einhergehenden hohen Medienkonsum bedingt. Gleichzeitig stellen elektronische Medien wie Tablet und Smartphone aufgrund der hohen Erreichbarkeit der Zielgruppe einen neuen Interventionsansatz zur Adipositasprävention dar.

Ziel der Arbeit

Eine übersichtliche Darstellung von Interventionen unter Nutzung elektronischer Medien zur Adipositasprävention im Kindes- und Jugendalter, um deren kurzfristige Wirksamkeit zu untersuchen und Rückschlüsse auf nachhaltige Effekte zu ziehen.

Methodik

Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in PubMed und Web of Science nach randomisierten und/oder kontrollierten Studien zum Einsatz elektronischer Medien in der Adipositasprävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen bis zum 18. Lebensjahr.

Ergebnisse

Nach einem ersten Screening wurden 909 Studien gefunden, von denen 88 in die Übersichtarbeit eingeschlossen wurden. Aktive Videospiele hatten einen positiven Effekt auf den Aktivitätsgrad der Studienteilnehmer, wenn sie in der Peer-Group gespielt wurden. Interventionen mittels Telefon (Festnetz) bewirkten positive Veränderungen von lebensstilrelevanten Verhaltensweisen. Interventionen mit Handys – u. a. regelmäßiger SMS-Versand – verringerten die Drop-out-Rate. Die bisher wenigen Interventionen mit Smartphones bei Jugendlichen deuten auf eine Verbesserung der kardiorespiratorischen Fitness hin. Ergebnisse internetbasierter Interventionen lassen einen Trend von positiven Effekten auf den Lebensstil erkennen. Die Kombination unterschiedlicher elektronischer Medien zeigte keinen Vorteil gegenüber dem Einsatz nur eines Mediums. TV-, DVD- oder videobasierte Intervention können zur Erhöhung der körperlichen Aktivität führen, wenn sie als Belohnung eingesetzt werden, wobei keine Effekte auf das Gewicht beobachtbar waren.

Diskussion

Kinder und Jugendliche wachsen heutzutage in einer sehr technik- und medienaffinen Gesellschaft heran, in der Computer, Tablets, Smartphones etc. ein fester Bestandteil im Alltag sind. Aus diesem Grund ist der Einsatz elektronischer Medien in der Adipositasprävention ein zeitgemäßes Interventionsinstrument. Die bisher verfügbaren Interventionsstudien unter Nutzung neuer Medien sind jedoch sehr heterogen in Bezug auf Interventionsmedium und -dauer. Sie konnten bisher keine positiven Effekte auf die Körperzusammensetzung aufzeigen, sondern lediglich auf bestimmte lebensstilrelevante Verhaltensweisen, dies aber bisher nur kurzfristig und mit geringen Effektstärken. Follow-up-Daten sind bisher kaum verfügbar.
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Metadaten
Titel
Elektronische Medien in der Adipositas-Prävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. Susann Weihrauch-Blüher
Stefanie Koormann
Jana Brauchmann
Susanna Wiegand
Publikationsdatum
18.10.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Schlagwörter
Adipositas
Adipositas
Erschienen in
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz / Ausgabe 11/2016
Print ISSN: 1436-9990
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-1588
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-016-2455-z

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