Den Begriff
funktionelle Durchblutungsstörungen verwendet man für Krankheitsbilder, bei denen es zu einer Engstellung oder Erweiterung der Gefäße kommt, ohne dass organische Gefäßveränderungen vorhanden sind.
Die häufigste funktionelle Durchblutungsstörung stellt das primäre
Raynaud-Phänomen dar.
Der Ausdruck Vasospasmus sollte vom Begriff Vasokonstriktion unterschieden werden. Bei der Vasokonstriktion handelt es sich um eine definierte und erwartete Abnahme des Gefäßlumens aufgrund endogener oder exogener Einflüsse, die eine Konstriktion der glatten Muskelzellen bewirken. Der Begriff Vasospasmus hingegen beschreibt eine überschießende Antwort auf vasokonstriktorisch wirkende Stimuli. Verschiedene pathophysiologische Mechanismen werden für diese überschießende vasokonstriktorische Antwort diskutiert. Endogene, neurale, hormonale oder metabolische Faktoren können eine Kontraktion der glatten Muskelzellen der Gefäße hervorrufen. Beim Vasospasmus kann die Kontraktion der glatten Muskelzellen zu einem vollständigen Verschluss des Lumens führen.
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