Tranquilizer/Anxiolytika
Tab. 1.
Tab. 1
Tranquilizer/Anxiolytika
Freiname (INN) | Handelsname (Beispiel) | Substanzklasse | Dosierung (mg/Tag) | Spezifische galenische Zubereitungen | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alprazolam | Tafil | BZD | 0,5–2 | 12–15 h | |
Bromazepam | Lexotanil | BZD | 1,5–6 | 15–28 h | |
Buspiron | Anxut | Azapiron | 15–60 | 2–3 h | |
Chlordiazepoxid | Librium | BZD | 5–50 | 10–90 h | |
Clobazam | Frisium | BZD | 20–40 | 18–120 h | |
Clorazepat | Tranxilium | BZD | 10–50 | Amp. | 25–80 h |
Diazepam | Valium | BZD | 5–30 | Tr., Amp., Supp. | 24–80 h |
Hydroxyzin | Atarax | Methan-Der. | 25–75 | Tr. | 7–20 h |
Lavendelöl | Lasea, Silexan | Pflanzl. | 80 | 1–2 h | |
Lorazepam | Tavor | BZD | 0,5–4 | Amp., Expidet | 12–16 h |
Medazepam | Rudotel | BZD | 10–30 | 2–80 h | |
Opipramol | Insidon | Trizyklikum | 50–300 | 6–9 h | |
Oxazepam | Adumbran | BZD | 10–50 | Expidet, Supp. | 5–25 h |
Prazepam | Demetrin | BZD | 20–40 | 50–90 h | |
Lyrica | 150–600 | Lsg. | 6 h |
Hypnotika
Tab. 2.
Tab. 2
Freiname (INN) | Handelsname (Beispiel) | Substanzklasse | Dosierung (mg/Tag) | Spezifische galenische Zubereitungen | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brotizolam | Lendormin | BZD | 0,125–0,25 | 3–9 h | |
Chloraldurat | Alkoholderivat | 0,25–2 g | Rektiole | 7 h | |
Clomethiazol | Distraneurin | Thiazolderivat | 300–800 | Mixtur | 2–5 h |
Betadorm | Antihistamin. | 50–100 | Tr. | 2–9 h | |
Doxepin | Aponal | Trizykl. AD | 25–100 | Tr., Amp. | 8–81 h |
Flunitrazepam | Rohypnol | BZD | 0,5–2 | 16–35 h | |
Flurazepam | Dalmadorm | BZD | 15–30 | 2–133 h | |
Lormetazepam | Noctamid | BZD | 0,5–2 | Amp. | 10–14 h |
Circadin | Melatonin | 2 | 4 h | ||
Midazolam | Dormicum | BZD | 1–15 | Amp. | 1,5–2,5 h |
Nitrazepam | Mogadan | BZD | 5–10 | 18–30 h | |
Pipamperon | Dipiperon | Butyrophenon | 60–120 | Saft | 4–17 h |
Promethazin | Atosil | Phenothiazin | 50–400 | Tr., Amp. | 8–15 h |
Temazepam | Remestan | BZD | 10–40 | 5–13 h | |
Triazolam | Halcion | BZD | 0,125–0,25 | Tr. | 1,4–4,6 h |
Trimipramin | Stangyl | Trizykl. AD | 25–100 | Tr. | 10–24 h |
Ardeydorm | Serotoninvorst. | 1–2 g | 2,5 h | ||
Sonata | Pyrimidin | 5–10 | 1 h | ||
Stilnox | Imidazopyridin | 10 | 2–3 h | ||
Ximovan | Cyclopyrrolon | 3,75–15 | 5 h |
Antidepressiva
Tab. 3.
Tab. 3
Freiname (INN) | Handelsname (Beispiel) | Substanzklasse | Dosierung (mg/Tag) | Empfohlener Plasmaspiegela
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agomelatin | Valdoxan | MT-Agonist, 5-HT-Antagonist | 25–50 | 1–2 h | |
Amitriptylin | Saroten | TZA | 50–225 | 80–200 ng/ml | 15–31 h |
Amitriptylinoxid | Equilibrin | modif. TZA | 60–300 | 15–31 h | |
Elontril | SNDRI | 150–300 | 20 h | ||
Citalopram | Cipramil | SSRI | 20–60 | Inf. | 33 h |
Clomipramin | Anafranil | TZA | 50–225 | 175–450 ng/ml | 21 h |
Doxepin | Aponal | TZA | 75–250 | Inj., Lsg. | 8–81 h |
Duloxetin | Cymbalta | SSNRI | 60–120 | 8–17 h | |
Escitalopram | Cipralex | SSRI | 10–20 | Lsg. | 30 h |
Fluoxetin | Fluctin | SSRI | 20–60 | 4–16 Tage | |
Fluvoxamin | Fevarin | SSRI | 50–300 | 17–22 h | |
Imipramin | Tofranil | TZA | 75–225 | 175–300 ng/ml | 4–18 h |
Johanniskraut | Jarsin | Phytopharm. | 900, Trockenextrakt | ||
Maprotilin | Ludiomil | TeZA | 50–225 | 20–58 h | |
Mianserin | Tolvin | TeZA | 30–180 | 17 h | |
Milnacipran | Ixel | SSNRI | 100 | 8 h | |
Mirtazapin | Remergil | NaSSA | 15–45 | Lsg. | 20–40 h |
Moclobemid | Aurorix | RIMA | 300–900 | 1–4 h | |
Nortriptylin | Nortrilen | TZA | 75–300 | 70–170 ng/ml | 26 h |
Paroxetin | Seroxat | SSRI | 20–50 | Tr. | 24 h |
Reboxetin | Edronax | SNRI (NARI) | 4–8 | 13 h | |
Sertralin | Zoloft | SSRI | 50–200 | Lsg. | 26 h |
Sulpiridb
| Dogmatil | Benzamid | 100–250 | 8 h | |
Tranylcypromin | Jatrosom | MAOH | 20–60 | 1–2 h | |
Trazodon | Thombran | 150–600 | 4–12 h | ||
Trimipramin | Stangyl | TZA | 100–400 | Tr., Lsg. | 10–24 h |
Venlafaxin | Trevilor ret. | SSNRI | 75–375 | 195–400 ng/ml | 5–24 h |
Vortioxetin | Brintellix | multimod. AD | 10–20 | 66 h |
Stimmungsstabilisierer/Phasenprophylaktika
Tab. 4.
Tab. 4
Stimmungsstabilisierer/Phasenprophylaktika
Freiname (INN) | Handelsname (Beispiel) | Substanzklasse | Dosierung (mg/Tag) | Empfohlener Plasmaspiegela
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tegretal | – | 400–1600 | 6–12 μg/ml | 18–65 h | |
Elmendos | – | 100–400 | 2–10 μg/ml | 24–35 h | |
Hypnorex ret. | – | 18–36 mmol/d | 0,5–1,2 mmol/l | 20–30 h | |
Valproat | Ergenyl | – | 600–2400 | 50–100 μg/ml | 12–16 h |
Neuroleptika/Antipsychotika
Tab. 5.
Tab. 5
Freiname (INN) | Handelsname (Beispiel) | Substanzklasse | Dosierung (oral mg/Tag) | Empfohlener Plasmaspiegela
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amisulprid | Solian | Benzamid | 200–800 | 12 h | |
Aripiprazol | Abilify | Piperazinderivat | 15–30 | 75–146 h | |
Aripiprazol – Depot | Abilify Maintena | 400 mg i.m. (alle 4 Wochen) | 30 Tage | ||
Benperidol | Glianimon | Butyrophenon | 4–40 | 8 h | |
Bromperidol | Impromen | Butyrophenon | 5–20 | 20–36 h | |
Chlorpromazin | Propaphenin | Phenothiazin | 75–600 | 30–300 ng/ml | 15–30 h |
Chlorprothixen | Truxal | Thioxanthen | 50–600 | 8–12 h | |
Leponex | Dibenzoepin | 75–900 | 350–600 ng/ml | 6–25 h | |
Flupentixol – Depot | Fluanxol | Thioxanthen | 5–30 – Depot 20–100 i. m. (2- bis 3-wöchig) | >2 ng/ml | 20–36 h 70–190 h |
Fluphenazin – Depotb
| Lyogen | Phenothiazin | 5–40 – Depot 12,5–100 i. m. (2- bis 3-wöchig) | 0,5–2 ng/ml | 20 h 80 h |
Fluspirilen – Depot | Imap | Diphenylbutylpiperidin | – Depot 4–12 i. m. (pro Woche) | 7 Tage | |
Haloperidol – Depot | Haldol-Janssen | Butyrophenon | 5–60 – Depot 50–300 i. m. (3- bis 4-wöchig) | 5–17 ng/ml | 15–33 h ca. 3 Wochen |
Levomepromazin | Neurocil | Phenothiazin | 25–600 | 17–21 h | |
Loxapin | ADASUVE | Dibenzoxazepin | 9,1 | zur Inhalation | 6–8 h |
Melperon | Eunerpan | Butyrophenon | 50–375 | 4–8 h | |
Olanzapin – Depot | Zyprexa Zypadhera | Thienobenzodiazepin | 5–20 – Depot 150–300 i. m. (alle 2 Wochen) oder 300–405 i. m. (alle 4 Wochen) | 20–80 ng/ml | 31 h 30 Tage |
Paliperidon – Depot | Invega Xeplion Trevita | Imidazolidinon | 3–9 – Depot: 1. Tag 150, 8. Tag 100 i. m. (deltoidal), dann 75 mg alle 4 Wochen i. m. (deltoidal oder gluteal) 175-525 mg alle 3 Monate i. m. | 24 h 25–49 Tage | |
Perazin | Taxilan | Phenothiazin | 50–600 | 100–230 ng/ml | 8–16 h |
Perphenazin – Depot | Decentan | Phenothiazin | 8–64 – Depot 50–200 i. m. (2-wöchig) | 0,6–2,4 ng/ml | 8–12 h 5–8 Tage |
Pimozid | Orap | Diphenylbutyl. | 2–16 | 55–96 h | |
Pipamperon | Dipiperon | Butyrophenon | 60–360 | 4–17 h | |
Promethazin | Atosil | Phenothiazin | 50–1000 | 8–15 h | |
Prothipendyl | Dominal | Phenothiazin | 40–480 | 2,5 h | |
Seroquel | Dibenzothiazepin | 300–1200 | 7 h | ||
Risperidon – Depot | Risperdal – Risperdal Consta | Imidazolidinon | 2–8 – Depot: überlappend oral, dann 25–50 alle 2 Wochen i. m. (deltoidal oder gluteal) | 20–60 ng/ml | 3–24 h 3–6 Tage |
Sertindolb
| Serdolect | Phenylindol | 12–24 | 72 h | |
Ziprasidon | Zeldox | 80–160 20 i. m. | 5–10 h | ||
Zuclopenthixol | Ciatyl Z | Thioxanthen | 2–75 | 20 h | |
Ciatyl Z Acuphase | 50–150 i. m. für 2–3 Tage | 32 h | |||
– Depot | – Ciatyl Z Depot | 200–400 alle 2–4 Wochen i. m. | 19 Tage |
Antidementiva/Nootropika
Tab. 6.
Tab. 6
Antidementiva/Nootropika
Freiname (INN) | Handelsname (Beispiel) | Substanzklasse | Dosierung (mg/Tag) | Spezifische galenische Zubereitungen | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codergocrin | Hydergin | 4–8 | Tr. | 11–20 h | |
Donepezil | Aricept | AchE-Hemmer | 5–10 | Schmelztbl. | 70 h |
Galantamin | Reminyl | AchE-Hemmer | 8–24 | Lsg. | 7–10 h |
Ginkgo biloba | Tebonin | Phytopharmakon | 120–240 | Tr. | 2–4 h |
Memantin | Axura | NMDA-Rezeptor-Antagonist | 10–30 | Tr. | 60–100 h |
Nicergolin | Sermion | 30–60 | 3–17 h | ||
Nimodipin | Nimotop | Kalzium-Antagonist | 90 | Inf. | 1–2 h |
Piracetam | Nootrop | 2,4–4,8 g | Lsg., Amp., Inf. | 4–7 h | |
Pyritinol | Encephabol | 600 | 2–3 h | ||
Rivastigmin | Exelon | AchE-Hemmer | 3–12 | Lsg., Pflaster | 1 h |
Literatur
Gründer G, Baumann P, Conca A et al. (2014) Therapeutisches Drug-Monitoring in der Psychiatrie. Nervenarzt 85: 847–855
Hiemke C, Bergemann N, Clement HW et al. (2017) AGNP consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry: update 2016. Pharmacopsychiatry 50: Im Druck