Background
Description of the intervention and how it might work
Conceptual framework for the review
Why it is important to conduct this review
Methods
Inclusion criteria
Types of studies
Study population
Types of intervention
Type of comparison
Type of outcomes
Context
Exclusion criteria
Search strategy
No. | Search term |
---|---|
1 | ((“Labor, Obstetric”[Mesh] OR “Delivery, Obstetric”[Mesh]) AND “Transportation of Patients”[Mesh]) AND (“mortality”[Subheading] OR “mortality”[All Fields] OR “mortality”[Mesh])) AND (“Evaluation Studies as Topic”[Mesh] OR “Evaluation Studies”, OR “Program Evaluation”[Mesh] OR “Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms”[Mesh] OR “Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation”[Mesh] OR “Health Services Research”[Mesh] OR “Process Assessment Health Care”[Mesh] OR “Emergency Medicine”[MeSH]). |
2 | “Parturition”[Mesh] “Pregnan*” OR “Labor” OR “Birth” OR “Labour” OR “Childbirth” OR “Deliver*” |
3 | “Obstetric emergency”, or “Matern*near2 emergency”, OR “Emergency health service”, Or “Emergency health care”, OR “Emergency Obstetric Care”, OR “EmOC”, OR “Obstetric care”, OR “Pregnan*”. |
3 | “Pregnancy outcome”, OR “Adverse pregnancy outcome*”, OR “Adverse maternal outcome*”, OR “Adverse childbirth outcome*”, OR “Pregnancy complication*”, OR “Labour complicat*”, OR Labor complicat*”, OR “Birth AND “Complications”. |
5 | “Low-Income Economies”, OR Low-income country”, OR “Low-income countries”, OR “Lower-Middle-Income Economies”, OR “Resource-limited Setting*”, OR “Resource-poor settings”, OR “Poor countries” OR “Middle-income countries”, OR “Upper-Middle-Income Economies”. |
6 | “Health facility deliver*” OR “Hospital deliver*” OR “Clinic delivery” OR “Skilled attendant delivery” |
7 | “Access to care” OR “Maternal delay*”, OR “Access barrier*” OR “Geographic barrier” |
8 | “Intervention” OR “Interven*”, OR “Effect*”, OR “effective* OR “Impact” OR “Outcome*”, OR “Cost effect*”. |
9 | 1-#8 AND “transport*” OR “Transport* scheme” OR “Transport* system” OR “Voucher” OR “Loan” OR “Fund” OR “Revolving fund*” OR “Community financing”. |
Study selection
STUDY CHARACTERISTICS | YES | NO | UNCLEAR |
---|---|---|---|
1. STUDY DESIGN | |||
A) Randomized controlled trial | |||
B) Non-randomized comparative trial | |||
C) Cohort study | |||
D) Case-control (including studies with historical control group) | |||
E) Controlled before and after study | |||
F) Cross-sectional study with comparative analysis of subsets of exposed (cases) and unexposed (controls). | |||
2. STUDY PARTICIPANTS | |||
A) Women in the pre- to post-natal phase of pregnancy? (and/or) | |||
B) Infants associated with the pregnancy? | |||
3. STUDY INTERVENTION | |||
A) Transportation interventions for emergency obstetric care Provision of any of the following where none existed prior: | |||
• Any form of ground transportation (bicycle, motorcycle, oxcart, ambulance, etc.) | |||
• vouchers/subsidies for transportation | |||
• loans, or sets up a system of pooled funds | |||
4. CONTROL | |||
A) Did the control receive additional support for transportation? | |||
*5. OUTCOME MEASURES | |||
A) Were any of the following pregnancy-related outcomes reported? | |||
• Stillbirth and/or neonatal mortality rates | |||
• Maternal mortality rates, | |||
• Care-seeking, referral rates, | |||
• Reduced delay in access to care, | |||
• Facility delivery rates, | |||
• Costs-benefit analysis/cost-effectiveness | |||
6. DECISION | |||
A) Include? | |||
B) Exclude? | |||
C) UNCLEAR? | |||
7. COMMENTS /REASONS FOR EXCLUSION |
Assessment of risk of bias in included studies
Study ID (author/year) | Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) | Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Other bias | Baseline outcome measurement similar? | Baseline characteristics similar? | Adequate protection against contamination? |
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Grade | Definition |
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High | We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. |
Moderate | We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. |
Low | Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. |
Very low | We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. |