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Erschienen in: Der Schmerz 3/2020

06.05.2020 | Opioide | Übersichten

Empfehlungen der zweiten Aktualisierung der Leitlinie LONTS

Langzeitanwendung von Opioiden bei chronischen nicht-tumorbedingten Schmerzen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Winfried Häuser, Frietjof Bock, Michael Hüppe, Monika Nothacker, Heike Norda, Lukas Radbruch, Marcus Schiltenwolf, Matthias Schuler, Thomas Tölle, Annika Viniol, Frank Petzke, Koautoren für die Konsensusgruppe der 2. Aktualisierung der S3-Leitlinie LONTS

Erschienen in: Der Schmerz | Ausgabe 3/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die planmäßige zweite Aktualisierung der S3-Leitlinie LONTS („Langzeitanwendung von Opioiden bei chronischen nicht-tumorbedingten Schmerzen“ [CNTS]), AWMF(Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften)-Registernummer 145-003, wurde ab Dezember 2018 vorgenommen.

Methodik

Die Leitlinie wurde unter Koordination der Deutschen Schmerzgesellschaft von 28 wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften und zwei Patientenselbsthilfeorganisationen entwickelt. Die Literaturrecherche erfolgte über die Datenbanken CENTRAL, MEDLINE und Scopus (bis Dezember 2018). Die systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und Metaanalysen von randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien zur Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Opioiden beim CNTS der früheren Versionen der Leitlinie wurden aktualisiert. Die Graduierung der Evidenzstärke erfolgte nach dem Schema des Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Die Formulierung und Graduierung der Empfehlungen erfolgte in einem mehrstufigen, formalisierten Konsensusverfahren nach dem Regelwerk der AWMF. Die Leitlinie wurde von vier externen Schmerzmedizinern begutachtet. Eine öffentliche Kommentierung war über vier Wochen möglich.

Ergebnisse

Opioidhaltige Analgetika sind eine medikamentöse Therapieoption in der kurz- (4–12 Wochen), mittel- (13–25 Wochen) und langfristigen Therapie (≥26 Wochen) von chronischen Arthrose- und Rückenschmerzen sowie chronischen Schmerzen bei diabetischer Polyneuropathie und Postzosterneuralgie. Kontraindikationen sind primäre Kopfschmerzen sowie funktionelle und psychische Störungen mit dem (Leit‑)Symptom Schmerz. Die Leitlinie nennt weitere Krankheitsbilder, bei denen ein individueller Therapieversuch erwogen werden kann. Eine Langzeittherapie mit Opioiden beim CNTS ist mit relevanten Risiken verbunden.

Schlussfolgerung

Ein verantwortungsvoller Einsatz von Opioiden verlangt die Berücksichtigung möglicher Indikationen und Kontraindikationen sowie eine regelmäßige Erfassung von Wirksamkeit und Nebenwirkungen. Opioide bleiben eine Behandlungsoption für CNTS, wenn nicht-medikamentöse Therapien nicht ausreichend wirksam sind und/oder medikamentöse Alternativen nicht wirksam waren oder nicht vertragen wurden oder kontraindiziert sind.
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Metadaten
Titel
Empfehlungen der zweiten Aktualisierung der Leitlinie LONTS
Langzeitanwendung von Opioiden bei chronischen nicht-tumorbedingten Schmerzen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Winfried Häuser
Frietjof Bock
Michael Hüppe
Monika Nothacker
Heike Norda
Lukas Radbruch
Marcus Schiltenwolf
Matthias Schuler
Thomas Tölle
Annika Viniol
Frank Petzke
Koautoren für die Konsensusgruppe der 2. Aktualisierung der S3-Leitlinie LONTS
Publikationsdatum
06.05.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Schmerz / Ausgabe 3/2020
Print ISSN: 0932-433X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-2129
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-020-00472-y

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