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Current Pulmonology Reports

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19.01.2017 | Pleural Diseases and Mesothelioma (G Lee, Section Editor)

Empyema in Children: Update of Aetiology, Diagnosis and Management Approaches

verfasst von: M. Zampoli, S. Chaya, H. J. Zar

Erschienen in: Current Pulmonology Reports | Ausgabe 1/2017

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The global epidemiology and aetiology of empyema in children is changing due to the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). The aim of this paper was to review current data on the epidemiology, aetiology and management of childhood empyema.

Recent Findings

Following the introduction of 7-valent PCV (PCV7), Streptococcus pneumoniae continued to be a major cause of empyema with an increasing incidence in some geographic regions. However, with subsequent introduction of 13-valent PCV (PCV 13), a significant reduction in the incidence of childhood empyema and complicated pneumonia has been reported. Management advances include use of thin-bore pigtail catheters with intrapleural administration of fibrinolytics as a first-line approach. Video-assisted thorascopic surgery is the surgical treatment of choice when chest tube drainage with fibrinolysis fails.

Summary

PCV13 has significantly reduced the incidence of childhood empyema across different settings. The role of molecular diagnostic techniques will become increasingly important to detect emerging empyema pathogens.

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Titel: Empyema in Children: Update of Aetiology, Diagnosis and Management Approaches
verfasst von: M. Zampoli
S. Chaya
H. J. Zar
Publikationsdatum: 19.01.2017
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Pulmonology Reports / Ausgabe 1/2017
Elektronische ISSN: 2199-2428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13665-017-0161-4

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