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Erschienen in: Der Internist 5/2010

01.05.2010 | Schwerpunkt

Endokrine Orbitopathie

verfasst von: PD Dr. A. Eckstein, J. Esser

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 5/2010

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Zusammenfassung

Die endokrine Orbitopathie ist Teil einer systemischen Autoimmunerkrankung, die eine Hyperthyreose, eine Orbitopathie, eine Akropachie und das prätibiale Myxödem umfasst (Morbus Basedow). Dabei spielen Anti-TSH-Rezeptor-Antikörper eine zentrale pathogenetische Rolle. Kardinalsymptome der endokrinen Orbitopathie sind periorbitale Entzündung, Exophthalmus, verringerte Augenbeweglichkeit und erweiterte Lidspalten. Bei der Entstehung der Orbitopathie spielen die entzündlichen Reaktionen der Orbitafibroblasten die zentrale Rolle. Bei moderaten und schweren Verläufen ist eine antientzündliche Therapie (meist i.v.-Steroidstoß und Orbitabestrahlung) und im Notfall eine Orbitadekompression indiziert. Bei milden Verläufen kann abgewartet oder Selen verabreicht werden. Operative Maßnahmen haben im inaktiven Stadium die Wiederherstellung eines normalen Aussehens und der Funktion zum Ziel. Die Normalisierung der Schilddrüsenfunktion führt bei mehr als der Hälfte der Patienten zu einer Verbesserung der endokrinen Orbitopathie. Ohne begleitende Steroidtherapie ist eine Radiojodtherapie mit einem 15%igen Risiko der Verschlechterung oder des Neuauftretens einer endokrinen Orbitopathie verbunden. Eine Thyreoidektomie ist im Spätstadium ohne Effekt und in der Frühphase möglicherweise von Vorteil.
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Metadaten
Titel
Endokrine Orbitopathie
verfasst von
PD Dr. A. Eckstein
J. Esser
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2010
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 5/2010
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-009-2497-5

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