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13.09.2024 | Review Article

Endoplasmic reticulum's role in multiple sclerosis, exploring potential biomarkers, and pioneering therapeutic strategies: a comprehensive review of literature

verfasst von: Hamid Noori, Zainab Jamal Alazzeh, Obaid Ur Rehman, Muhammad Idrees, Mohammad Dheyaa Marsool Marsool, Khawaja Abdul Rehman, Krutika Mahendra Gohil, Sundus Shafat Ahmad, Tushar Subash, Kayla Dixon

Erschienen in: Neurological Sciences | Ausgabe 1/2025

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Abstract

Background

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex and chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Inflammation and demyelination characterize it, which results in a range of neurological impairments. The increasing worldwide occurrence of MS, affecting an estimated 2.8 million individuals in 2020, highlights the urgent requirement for further research to tackle the significant impact it has on individuals and healthcare systems globally.

Objective

In this study, we wanted to explore the complex function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the origin, development, and resolution of MS, emphasizing its importance in neuroinflammatory illnesses. The ER has become a central focus in comprehending the pathogenesis of MS. Upon reviewing the literature, we observed a lack of thorough analysis that explores the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in multiple sclerosis. Thus, we aimed through this research to examine the correlations between ER stress and its influence on immunological dysregulation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in MS.

Findings

Based on the latest clinical trials, we suggested theories that explore possible biomarkers linked to ER stress and the unfolded protein response. Identifying molecules that are suggestive of early stages of illness and can serve as prognostic tools for improving our understanding of the heterogeneity of MS and offering novel approaches for managing the disease. Finally, through our comprehensive search, we wanted to offer a plan for future research, suggesting new and creative methods for managing MS and encouraging the creation of specific treatments that aim to reduce the impact of MS on individuals worldwide.

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Titel: Endoplasmic reticulum's role in multiple sclerosis, exploring potential biomarkers, and pioneering therapeutic strategies: a comprehensive review of literature
verfasst von: Hamid Noori
Zainab Jamal Alazzeh
Obaid Ur Rehman
Muhammad Idrees
Mohammad Dheyaa Marsool Marsool
Khawaja Abdul Rehman
Krutika Mahendra Gohil
Sundus Shafat Ahmad
Tushar Subash
Kayla Dixon
Publikationsdatum: 13.09.2024
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Neurological Sciences / Ausgabe 1/2025
Print ISSN: 1590-1874
Elektronische ISSN: 1590-3478
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-024-07766-4

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Endoplasmic reticulum's role in multiple sclerosis, exploring potential biomarkers, and pioneering therapeutic strategies: a comprehensive review of literature