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Erschienen in: Der Orthopäde 1/2017

13.12.2016 | Endoprothetik | Leitthema

Endoprothetik des älteren Menschen

Biomaterialien, Implantatwahl, Verankerungstechnik

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. M. M. Morlock, Ph.D., M. Jäger

Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie | Ausgabe 1/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Der künstliche Gelenkersatz von Hüft- und Kniegelenk ist eine der größten Erfolgsgeschichten in der Orthopädie. Dank der kontinuierlichen Material- und Designverbesserung sind patientenassoziierte Probleme heute meist multifaktoriell und nur selten auf alleinige Materialprobleme zurückzuführen. Durch die Einführung von quervernetztem Polyäthylen (PE), antioxidativ stabilisiertem PE, Mischkeramiken, keramisierten Oberflächen und Schutzschichten ist das Verschleißproblem deutlich verringert, sodass eine weitere Verbesserung der Verschleißeigenschaften keine merkliche Verbesserung für den Patienten bedeuten wird. In der Prävention und Therapie von Infektionen und implantatassoziierten Unverträglichkeiten existiert hingegen noch Handlungsbedarf. Für das Kniegelenk wird, bedingt durch die Kontaktsituation, PE auch in der Zukunft als Gelenkartikulation nicht ersetzt werden können. Mit dem „mobile bearing“ (bewegliche Plattform) sowie dem „fixed bearing“ (festes Lager) stehen 2 etablierte erfolgreiche Philosophien zur Verfügung, die vergleichbar gute klinische Ergebnisse aufweisen. An der Hüfte wird sich die Keramik-Keramik-Paarung dann durchsetzen, wenn die korrekte Ausrichtung und Montage der Komponenten sichergestellt und damit Probleme wie Geräuschentwicklung und Bruch auf ein Minimum reduziert werden können. Die Korrosion von Konusverbindungen kann nur durch ein besseres mechanisches und elektrochemisches Verständnis der Limitation von Konusverbindungen reduziert werden. Die gleichzeitige Berücksichtigung aller Einflussfaktoren verbessert die Problematik maßgeblich wie auch die Verwendung nichtmetallischer Materialien. Beim älteren Patienten werden auch wirtschaftliche Zwänge im Gesundheitssystem die Wahl der Materialien bestimmen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Endoprothetik des älteren Menschen
Biomaterialien, Implantatwahl, Verankerungstechnik
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. M. M. Morlock, Ph.D.
M. Jäger
Publikationsdatum
13.12.2016
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwort
Endoprothetik
Erschienen in
Die Orthopädie / Ausgabe 1/2017
Print ISSN: 2731-7145
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-016-3361-7

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