Preserving the colon while preventing colorectal cancer is challenging in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Although prophylactic colectomy is the current standard of care, some patients with familial adenomatous polyposis may wish to postpone colectomy as long as polyposis can be managed by endoscopic resection. This study examined our endoscopic management and prognostic results for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis who refused to undergo colectomy. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 12 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis treated at our hospital between January 1995 and December 2020. All patients opted to postpone prophylactic colectomy although they had significant polyp burdens and underwent endoscopic management, in which colorectal polyps sized > 5 mm were thoroughly resected during baseline colonoscopies and subsequently, newly arising colorectal polyps sized > 5 mm were periodically resected during surveillance colonoscopies. Patients (median age, 33 years) were followed up for a median of 5.2 years. The median number of colonoscopies and resected lesions per patient was 2 and 14 at baseline as well as, 9 and 32 during surveillance, respectively. The interval between colonoscopies was 1.0 and 7.0 months for baseline and surveillance, respectively. The colons of all 12 patients were preserved, and no invasive colorectal cancer developed. In 10 patients, 35 cases of high-grade dysplasia were observed and managed by endoscopic resection. Repeated endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps sized > 5 mm with appropriate surveillance may be an alternative form of endoscopic management for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis wishing to postpone colectomy.
