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19.06.2017 | Review

Environmental Factors and Zoonotic Pathogen Ecology in Urban Exploiter Species

verfasst von: Jamie L. Rothenburger, Chelsea H. Himsworth, Nicole M. Nemeth, David L. Pearl, Claire M. Jardine

Erschienen in: EcoHealth | Ausgabe 3/2017

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Abstract

Knowledge of pathogen ecology, including the impacts of environmental factors on pathogen and host dynamics, is essential for determining the risk that zoonotic pathogens pose to people. This review synthesizes the scientific literature on environmental factors that influence the ecology and epidemiology of zoonotic microparasites (bacteria, viruses and protozoa) in globally invasive urban exploiter wildlife species (i.e., rock doves [Columba livia domestica], European starlings [Sturnus vulgaris], house sparrows [Passer domesticus], Norway rats [Rattus norvegicus], black rats [R. rattus] and house mice [Mus musculus]). Pathogen ecology, including prevalence and pathogen characteristics, is influenced by geographical location, habitat, season and weather. The prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in mice and rats varies markedly over short geographical distances, but tends to be highest in ports, disadvantaged (e.g., low income) and residential areas. Future research should use epidemiological approaches, including random sampling and robust statistical analyses, to evaluate a range of biotic and abiotic environmental factors at spatial scales suitable for host home range sizes. Moving beyond descriptive studies to uncover the causal factors contributing to uneven pathogen distribution among wildlife hosts in urban environments may lead to targeted surveillance and intervention strategies. Application of this knowledge to urban maintenance and planning may reduce the potential impacts of urban wildlife-associated zoonotic diseases on people.

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Titel: Environmental Factors and Zoonotic Pathogen Ecology in Urban Exploiter Species
verfasst von: Jamie L. Rothenburger
Chelsea H. Himsworth
Nicole M. Nemeth
David L. Pearl
Claire M. Jardine
Publikationsdatum: 19.06.2017
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: EcoHealth / Ausgabe 3/2017
Print ISSN: 1612-9202
Elektronische ISSN: 1612-9210
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-017-1258-5

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