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Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 4/2004

01.04.2004 | Leitthema: Meningitis

Epidemiologie invasiver Infektionen durch Neisseria meningitidis

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. U. Vogel, J. Elias, H. Claus, F. Hessler, M. Frosch

Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde | Ausgabe 4/2004

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Zusammenfassung

Der Mensch ist einziges Reservoir der Meningokokken. Der Erreger zeichnet sich durch eine hohe genetische und antigenetische Variabilität aus. Bisher wurden 25 genetische Linien und über 3000 so genannte Sequenztypen beschrieben, jedoch ist nur ein geringer Teil der den Menschen besiedelnden genetischen Linien als pathogen einzustufen. Die Besiedlung mit Meningokokken induziert eine klonspezifischen Immunität. Die klonale Verbreitung einer Meningokokkenvariante führt zur Herdimmunität und trägt zum Wechsel der endemischen oder epidemischen Klone bei. Die Mehrzahl invasiver Meningokokkeninfektionen tritt sporadisch auf, Cluster werden jedoch regelmäßig beobachtet. Übertragungen der Infektion im Krankenhaus sind überaus selten. Im afrikanischen Meningitisgürtel werden regelmäßig große Ausbrüche beobachtet. Reise- und Impfberatungen müssen sich an den aktuellen epidemiologischen Entwicklungen orientieren.
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Metadaten
Titel
Epidemiologie invasiver Infektionen durch Neisseria meningitidis
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. U. Vogel
J. Elias
H. Claus
F. Hessler
M. Frosch
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2004
Erschienen in
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde / Ausgabe 4/2004
Print ISSN: 0026-9298
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-004-0922-3

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