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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 4/2018

20.03.2018 | Pflege | Leitthema

Epigenetik

Wichtiges für Anästhesisten, Schmerz- und Intensivmediziner

verfasst von: A.-K. Reinhold, E. Jentho, S. T. Schäfer, Prof. Dr. M. Bauer, Prof. Dr. H. L. Rittner

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 4/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Epigenetik, die Wissenschaft, die sich mit der geänderten Ablesung des Genoms ohne Veränderung der Gene selbst beschäftigt, gelangt wissenschaftlich zunehmend in den Fokus. Unterschieden werden Veränderungen an der DNA von Modifikationen der Histone und nichtkodierenden RNA, die die messenger (m)RNA verändern. Epigenetische Modifikationen können durch Lebensumstände oder andere äußere Faktoren ausgelöst werden und somit das Auftreten von Erkrankungen beeinflussen. Die Epigenetik ist für Anästhesisten, Schmerzmediziner und Intensivmediziner von besonderem Interesse, weil anästhesiologische Medikamente einen längerfristigen Einfluss auf die Proteintranskription haben und so beispielsweise zur Chronifizierung von postoperativen Schmerzen sowie zu Veränderungen der Neurokognition nach Narkose oder der Immunreaktion bei Sepsis führen können. Die veränderte Expression nichtkodierender microRNA bei perioperativ relevanten Vorerkrankungen, wie z. B. dem Herzinfarkt, verändert ist, prädestiniert sie als potenzielle prognostische Marker für das perioperative Risiko. Ferner gibt es Möglichkeiten, epigenetische Veränderungen durch Lebensstil und bestimmte Medikamente zu beeinflussen. In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag werden exemplarisch einige anästhesie-, intensivmedizin- und schmerzmedizinrelevante Erkrankungen und der Einfluss der Epigenetik auf diese dargestellt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Epigenetik
Wichtiges für Anästhesisten, Schmerz- und Intensivmediziner
verfasst von
A.-K. Reinhold
E. Jentho
S. T. Schäfer
Prof. Dr. M. Bauer
Prof. Dr. H. L. Rittner
Publikationsdatum
20.03.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-018-0424-7

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