Introduction
Study area: Apatani group of villages
Year | Population | % to state | |
---|---|---|---|
Apatani | Arunachal Pradesh | ||
1961 | 10,793 | 3,36,588 | 3.21 |
1971 | 12,888 | 4,68,511 | 2.75 |
1981 | 16,580 | 6,31,839 | 2.62 |
1991 | 22,526 | 8,64,558 | 2.61 |
2001 | 24,650 | 10,91,117 | 2.26 |
Medicinal plants survey
Results and discussion
Sl No. | Species | Family | Part used | Uses |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acorus calamus L. | Araceae | Root | Cut, wounds, skin diseases, bone fracture |
2 | Ageratum conyzoides L. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Cut, wounds |
3 | Allium cepa L. | Liliaceae | Bulb | Eye pain |
4 | Allium hookeri Thwait. | Liliaceae | Bulb | Eruption of skin, cough, cold, wounds |
5 | Alocasia forniculata (Roxb.) Schott. | Araceae | Root | Crack of heels |
6 | Alstonia scholaris (L.) Br. | Apocynaceae | Leaf, bark | Headache, stomach disorder, menstrual disorder |
7 | Amomum aromaticum Roxb. | Zingiberaceae | Leaf, seed | Fever, abortion |
8 | Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson | Araceae | Corn | Piles |
9 | Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees | Acanthaceae | Leaf | Dysentery |
10 | Anisomeles indica (L.) O.K. | Lamiaceae | Shoot | Bodyache |
11 | Angiopteris evecta (Forst.) Hoffm. | Angiopteridaceae | Stem | Health tonic |
12 | Antidesma acidum Retz. | Euphorbiaceae | Leaf | Wounds |
13 | Argemone mexicana L. | Papaveraceae | Shoot | Skin diseases |
14 | Artemisia indica Willd. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Bodyache, asthma, skin diseases |
15 | Artemisia maritima L. | Asteraceae | Shoot | Blood purification |
16 | Artemisia nilagirica (Cl.) Pamp. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Cough, headache, sores |
17 | Asplenium nidus L. | Aspleniaceae | Leaf | Ulcer |
18 | Barleria prionitis L. | Acanthaceae | Leaf | Cough |
19 | Begonia roxburghii (Miq.) DC. | Begoniaceae | Leaf | Indigestion |
20 | Berberis wallichiana (Wall.) Brongn. | Berberidaceae | Fruit, root | Indigestion, bodyache |
21 | Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. | Saxifragaceae | Root, leaf | Cut, wounds |
22 | Brassiopsis glomarulata (Bl.) Regel. | Araliaceae | Fruit | Cough |
23 | Buddleja asiatica Lour. | Buddlejaceae | Leaf | Inflammation |
24 | Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl | Verbenaceae | Leaf | Headache |
25 | Callicarpa vastita Roxb. | Verbenaceae | Leaf | Indigestion |
26 | Calotropis gigantea (L.) Br. | Asclepiadaceae | Root | Dog bite |
27 | Canarium resiniferum Brace ex King | Burseraceae | Fruit | Urinary complaints |
28 | Capparis spinosa Lam. | Capparaceae | Root | Rheumatic pain |
29 | Cardamine hirsuta L. | Brassicaceae | Leaf | Indigestion |
30 | Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) DC. | Fagaceae | Stem | Cough, goiter, indigestion |
31 | Centella asiatica L. | Apiaceae | Shoot | Constipation, gastritis, blood purification |
32 | Chenopodium ambrosioides L. | Chenopodiaceae | Leaf | Toothache |
33 | Christella parasitica (L.) Lev. | Thelypteridaceae | Fronds | Cut, wounds |
34 | Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson | Asteraceae | Leaf | Cut, wounds, headache, fever |
35 | Cirsium lapskyle Petral. | Asteraceae | Shoot | Indigestion |
36 | Cissampelos pareira L. | Menispermaceae | Tuber | Health tonic |
37 | Clerodendrum glandulosum Coleb. ex Wall. | Verbenaceae | Leaf | Blood pressure, fever, cough |
38 | Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moonb | Verbenaceae | Leaf | Eye disorders |
39 | Coelogyne pectata Lindl. | Orchidaceae | Pseudobulb | Burns |
40 | Colocasia affinis Schott | Araceae | Leaf | Fever, respiratory disorder |
41 | Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) Moore | Asteraceae | Leaf | Indigestion, headache, stomachache, cut, wounds |
42 | Crotolaria pallida Ait. | Fabaceae | Root | Bodyache |
43 | Croton roxburghii Balak | Euphorbiaceae | Fruit | Indigestion |
44 | Curcuma caesia Roxb. | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Cough, asthma |
45 | Curcuma aromatica Salisb. | Zingiberaceae | Whole plant | Blood purification |
46 | Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Cold, cough |
47 | Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. | Cuscutaceae | Whole plant | Purgative |
48 | Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex Hk. f.) Holt. | Cyatheaceae | Leaf | Bodyache |
49 | Cyathula prostrata (L.) Bl. | Amaranthaceae | Shoot | Appetizer, dysentery, skin diseases |
50 | Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. | Orchidaceae | Tuber | Wounds |
51 | Dendrocnide sinuta (Bl.) Chew. | Urticaceae | Leaf | Urogenital disorder, toothache, dysentery |
52 | Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Und. | Gleicheniaceae | Whole plant | Indigestion |
53 | Dicrocephala bicolor (Roth) Sch. | Asteraceae | Shoot | Digestive problems |
54 | Dillenia indica L. | Dilleniaceae | Furit | Stomachache |
55 | Dioscorea alata L. | Dioscoraceae | Tuber | Indigestion |
56 | Dioscorea bulbifera L. | Dioscoraceae | Tuber | Indigestion |
57 | Dioscorea hamiltonii Hk. f. | Dioscoraceae | Tuber | Dysentery |
58 | Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. | Athyriaceae | Fronds | Constipation |
59 | Ecbolium viride (Forsk) Alston | Meliaceae | Root | Rheumatism |
60 | Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. | Asteraceae | Shoot | Cut, wounds |
61 | Elaeagnus caudata Sch. ex Momiyama | Elaeagnaceae | Fruit | Health tonic |
62 | Elaeagnus pyriformis Hk. f. | Elaeagnaceae | Fruit | Constipation |
63 | Elatostema platyphyllum Wedd. | Urticaceae | Root | Vomiting |
64 | Elsholzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. | Lamiaceae | Leaf | Itching |
65 | Eluesine coracana (L.) Gaertn. | Poaceae | Grains | Stomach disorder, tonic, cold |
66 | Eupatorium odoratum L. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Wounds, cut |
67 | Erigeron bonariensis L. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Nose block |
68 | Eryngium foetidum L. | Apiaceae | Seed | Madness, headache |
69 | Ficus benjamina L. | Moraceae | Stem | Stomach disorder |
70 | Ficus hirta Vahl | Moraceae | Fruit | Wounds, cut |
71 | Gerbera pilosellioides (L.) Cass. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Rheumatic pain |
72 | Gloriosa superba L. | Liliaceae | Tuber | Killing lice in hairs |
73 | Gmelina arborea Roxb. | Verbenaceae | Leaf | Stomach disorder |
74 | Gynostemma pedata Bl. | Cucurbitaceae | Leaf | Throat ache |
75 | Gynura biscolor (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Intestinal worms |
76 | Gynura nepalensis DC. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Indigestion |
77 | Hedychium coronarium Koen. | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Bodyache |
78 | Hedychium dekianum Rao & Verma | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Cut, wounds |
79 | Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Stomach disorder |
80 | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. | Malvaceae | Flower | Reproductive disorders |
81 | Houttuynia cordata Thunb. | Saururaceae | Shoot | Freshness, good sleep, heart disorders |
82 | Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. | Lamiaceae | Leaf | Itching, cough, cold |
83 | Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex Murr. | Hypericaceae | Stem | Cut, wounds |
84 | Impatiens latifolia L. | Balsaminaceae | Leaf | Headache, digestive disorder |
85 | Impatiens racemosa DC. | Balsaminaceae | Leaf | Digestive disorder |
86 | Indigofera tinctoria L. | Fabaceae | Root | Wound |
87 | Jasminum humile L. | Oleaceae | Root | Ringworm |
88 | Laginaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. | Cucurbitaceae | Fruit | Burns |
89 | Leonotis nepetifolia R. Br. | Lamiaceae | Seed | Burns |
90 | Lithocarpus dealbatus (Miq.) Rehder | Fagaceae | Fruit | Indigestion |
91 | Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. | Lauraceae | Fruit | Cough, cold, hair tonic, indigestion, good sleep |
92 | Litsea salicifolia (Nees) Hk.f. | Lauraceae | Fruit | Bone fracture, stomach disorder |
93 | Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw. | Schizaeaceae | Leaf | Skin diseases |
94 | Mahonia napalensis DC. | Berberidaceae | Stem | Itching |
95 | Measa indica (Roxb.) DC. | Myrsinaceae | Fruit | Indigestion |
96 | Mikania micrantha Kunth. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Itching, skin diseases, headache |
97 | Miliusa roxburghiana (Wall. ex Griff.) Hk. f. & Th. | Annonaceae | Leaf | Headache |
98 | Molineria crassifolia Baker | Hypoxidaceae | Fruit | Diarrhoea |
99 | Molineria recurveta (Dryand) Hebbert. | Hypoxidaceae | Leaf | Bodyache |
100 | Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. | Fabaceae | Stem | Eye disorder |
101 | Murraya koenigii (L.) Spr. | Rutaceae | Leaf | Stomach trouble |
102 | Musa paradissica L. | Musaceae | Fruit | Indigestion |
103 | Myrica esculenta Ham. ex D. Don. | Myricaceae | Fruit, bark | Indigestion, skin eruption |
104 | Myrsine semiserrata Wall. | Myrsinaceae | Seed | Skin diseases |
105 | Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC. | Apiaceae | Shoot | Indigestion |
106 | Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. | Bignoniaceae | Seed | Purgative, headache |
107 | Osbeckia stellata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | Melastomataceae | Leaf | Toothache |
108 | Oxalis corniculata L. | Oxalidaceae | Shoot | Appetizer, headache |
109 | Paedaria foetida L | Rubiaceae | Stem | Gastritis, diarrhea, stomach disorder |
110 | Passiflora foetida L. | Passifloraceae | Fruit | Respiratory disorder |
111 | Photinia integrifolia Lindl. | Rosaceae | Fruit | Indigestion |
112 | Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. | Lamiaceae | Seed | Fever, headache |
113 | Physalis angulata L. | Solanaceae | Fruit | Gastric trouble |
114 | Physalis minima L. | Solanaceae | Fruit | Gastric trouble |
115 | Physalis peruviana L. | Solanaceae | Leaf | Pain in pregnancy |
116 | Picrorhiza kurrooa Benth. | Scrophulariaceae | Root | Cold, fever |
117 | Pinus roxburghii Sarg. | Pinaceae | Seed | Indigestion |
118 | Piper brachystachyum Wall. | Piperaceae | Seed | Cough |
119 | Piper trioicum Roxb. | Piperaceae | Root | Cough |
120 | Plantago major L. | Plantaginaceae | Leaf | Constipation |
121 | Plectranthus japonicus (Burm. f.) Koidz. | Acanthaceae | Leaf | Fever |
122 | Polygonum nepalense Meissn. | Polygonaceae | Leaf | Indigestion |
123 | Polygonum perfoliatum L. | Polygonaceae | Leaf | Indigestion |
124 | Portulaca oleracea L. | Portulacaceae | Stem, leaf | Appetizer |
125 | Pouzolzia hirta (Bl.) Hassk. | Urticaceae | Root | Constipation |
126 | Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. | Sterculiaceae | Flower | Earache |
127 | Rhus chinensis Miller | Anacardiaceae | Fruit | Blood dysentery |
128 | Rubia cordifolia L. | Rubiaceae | Shoot | Stomachache |
129 | Rubus calycinus Wall. | Rosaceae | Fruit | Stomach disorder |
130 | Rubus ellipticus Sm. | Rosaceae | Fruit | Indigestion |
131 | Rubus paniculatus Sm. | Rosaceae | Fruit | Stomach disorder |
132 | Rubus roseafolius Sm. | Rosaceae | Fruit | Indigestion |
133 | Rumex nepalensis Spr. | Polygonaceae | Leaf | Indigestion |
134 | Saurauria roxburghii Wall. | Saurauriaceae | Leaf | Constipation |
135 | Schefflera glomerata L. | Araliaceae | Fruit | Indigestion |
136 | Schizostachium capitatum (Munro) Majumdar | Poaceae | Shoot | Diarrhea, dysentery, stomach disorder |
137 | Senna alata (L.) Roxb. | Caesalpiniaceae | Leaf | Skin diseases |
138 | Senna tora (L.) Roxb. | Ceasalpiniaceae | Leaf | Low blood pressure |
139 | Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon | Lindsaeceae | Fronds | Sprains |
140 | Solanum kurzii Brace ex Prain | Solanaceae | Fruit | Cough, worms infestation |
141 | Solanum myriacanthum Dunal | Solanaceae | Seeds | Toothache |
142 | Solanum nigrum L. | Solanaceae | Leaf | Liver tonic, indigestion |
143 | Solanum torvum Sm. | Solanaceae | Fruit | Cough, skin diseases |
144 | Sonchus asper (L.) Hill | Asteraceae | Shoot | Indigestion |
145 | Sonchus arvensis L. | Asteraceae | Shoot | Stomachache, gastritis |
146 | Spilanthus clava L. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Throat pain |
147 | Spilanthes paniculata DC. | Asteraceae | Leaf | Constipation |
148 | Stellaria media (L.) Vill. | Caryophyllaceae | Leaf | Itching |
149 | Stereospermum chelonoides (L. f.) DC. | Bignoniaceae | Leaf | Sprain |
150 | Strobilanthus helictus T. Anders. | Acanthaceae | Shoot | Indigestion |
151 | Terminalia chebula Retz. | Combretaceae | Fruit | Cough |
152 | Toddalia aculeata Pers. | Rutaceae | Fruit | Throat pain |
153 | Urtica dioica L. | Urticaceae | Leaf | Bone fracture |
154 | Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less | Asteraceae | Leaf | Indigestion |
155 | Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. | Rutaceae | Fruit | Dysentery |
156 | Zanthoxylum armatum DC. | Rutaceae | Fruit | Cold, cough, fever, appetizer |
157 | Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. | Rutaceae | Fruit | Stomach disorder |
158 | Zingiber officinale Rosc. | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Cough |
Family | Genera | Species |
---|---|---|
Asteraceae | 11 | 19 |
Zingiberaceae | 4 | 8 |
Solanaceae | 2 | 7 |
Lamiaceae | 5 | 5 |
Araceae | 5 | 5 |
Verbenaceae | 3 | 5 |
Rutaceae | 3 | 5 |
Rosaceae | 2 | 5 |
Urticaceae | 4 | 4 |
Acanthaceae | 4 | 4 |
Aboveground plant parts used | Number of Species | Belowground plant parts used | Number of Species |
---|---|---|---|
Whole shoot | 15 | Root | 14 |
Leaf | 56 | Tuber | 6 |
Fruit | 31 | Rhizome | 6 |
Seed | 10 | Bulb | 2 |
Stem | 6 | Pseudo-bulb | 1 |
Fronds | 4 | Corn | 1 |
Bark | 2 | ||
Flower | 2 | ||
Total |
126
|
Total
|
30
|
Ailments | Number of plants used |
---|---|
Indigestion | 40 |
Cough and cold | 19 |
Cut and wounds | 15 |
Headache | 12 |
Stomach disorder | 11 |
Skin diseases | 11 |
Fever | 8 |
Body-ache | 6 |
Dysentery | 6 |
Throat-ache | 5 |