Background
Methods
Study population
Baseline evaluation
Pacemaker implantation
Follow-up
Outcomes
Statistical analysis
Results
Study population
Characteristic | All study participants (N = 197) |
---|---|
Age, mean ± SD, years | 82.9 ± 4.9 |
Female sex, n (%) | 86 (43.7%) |
Body Mass Index, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 25.7 ± 4.2 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 155 (78.7%) |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 60 (30.5%) |
Current smoker, n (%) | 17 (8.6%) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 30 (15.2%) |
Positive family history, n (%) | 24 (12.2%) |
Medical history | |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 92 (46.7%) |
Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) | 16 (8.1%) |
Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 92 (46.7%) |
Hypertensive heart disease, n (%) | 40 (26.9%) |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 24 (12.2%) |
Previous stroke, n (%) | 25 (12.7%) |
Previous syncope within last 12 months, n (%) | 90 (45.7%) |
Fall without loss of consciousness within last 12 months, n (%) | 53 (26.9%) |
Electrocardiogram | |
Sinus node disease, n (%) | 49 (24.9%) |
Atrioventricular block | |
- Second-degree, n (%) | 39 (19.8%) |
- Third-degree, n (%) | 51 (25.9%) |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 59 (29.9%) |
Comprehensive geriatric assessment | |
Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 27 points), n (%) | 84 (42.6%) |
Mobility impairment (TUG ≥20 s), n (%) | 71 (36.0%) |
At risk of malnutrition (MNA < 12 points), n (%) | 90 (45.7%) |
BADL with ≥1 activity with limitation, n (%) | 39 (19.8%) |
IADL with ≥1 activity with limitation, n (%) | 110 (55.8%) |
Emotional assessment | |
At risk of depression (GDS ≥2 points), n (%) | 34 (17.3%) |
Comorbidity burden | |
Charlson comorbidity index ≥3, n (%) | 98 (49.8%) |
Mortality, syncope and falls in all study participants
Functional course
Domain | Baseline | Follow-up | Regression analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted a | |||||
N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) b | P value b | OR (95% CI) b | P value b | |
Cognition | ||||||
Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 27 points) | 64 (37.9%) | 69 (40.8%) | 1.13 (0.73–1.75) | 0.578 | 1.15 (0.73–1.81) | 0.560 |
Mobility | ||||||
Mobility impairment (TUG ≥20 s) | 55 (32.5%) | 49 (29.0%) | 0.85 (0.54–1.36) | 0.502 | 0.85 (0.53–1.37) | 0.504 |
Activities of daily living | ||||||
BADL with ≥1 activity with limitation | 29 (17.2%) | 48 (28.4%) | 1.92 (1.14–3.23) | 0.015 | 2.18 (1.23–3.88) | 0.008 |
IADL with ≥1 activity with limitation | 90 (53.3%) | 121 (71.6%) | 2.21 (1.41–3.47) | 0.001 | 2.59 (1.57–4.26) | < 0.001 |
Nutrition | ||||||
At risk of malnutrition (MNA < 12 points) | 71 (42.0%) | 60 (35.5%) | 0.76 (0.49–1.18) | 0.220 | 0.74 (0.47–1.17) | 0.198 |
Emotion | ||||||
At risk of depression (GDS ≥2 points) | 22 (13.0%) | 24 (14.2%) | 1.11 (0.59–2.06) | 0.751 | 1.11 (0.59–2.08) | 0.749 |