Background
Methods
Plant collection and extractions
Ethical committee recommendation for toxicity studies
Animals and treatment
Serum markers assessment
Antioxidant enzymes status
Glutathione-S-transferase assay (GST)
Glutathione reductase assay (GR)
Glutathione peroxidase assay (GSH-Px)
Quinone reductase assay (QR)
Reduced glutathione assay (GSH)
Estimation of lipid peroxidation assay (TBARS)
DNA fragmentation assay
DNA ladder assay
Assessment of cellular changes
Statistical analysis
Results
Effects on liver and lipid profile
Group | AST (U/l) | ALT (U/l) | ALP (U/l) | γ-GT (U/l) | LDH (U/l) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 98.51 ± 3.13++
| 83.93 ± 2.11++
| 153.57 ± 6.18++
| 2.23 ± 0.25++
| 49.72 ± 3.60++
|
Oil + DMSO | 97.86 ± 3.74++
| 84.41 ± 2.78++
| 151.19 ± 4.29++
| 2.20 ± 0.16++
| 50.29 ± 2.31++
|
CCl4
| 213.57 ± 5.70** | 219.32 ± 3.80** | 450.84 ± 6.5** | 5.89 ± 0.36** | 103.62 ± 3.62** |
Sily + CCl4
| 134.37 ± 3.42++
| 129.28 ± 2.72++
| 223.43 ± 8.83++
| 3.09 ± 0.52++
| 68.72 ± 2.13++
|
ELR + CCl4
| 141.56 ± 4.86++
| 131.13 ± 2.81++
| 263.72 ± 12.93++
| 3.56 ± 0.27++
| 71.71 ± 2.52++
|
MLR + CCl4
| 157.82 ± 3.62++
| 136.74 ± 2.89++
| 276.49 ± 11.67++
| 3.24 ± 0.71++
| 73.26 ± 2.48++
|
ELR alone | 96.81 ± 3.21++
| 85.34 ± 1.52++
| 153.26 ± 8.32++
| 2.26 ± 0.16++
| 48.43 ± 1.34++
|
MLR alone | 95.34 ± 2.34++
| 84.34 ± 2.34++
| 149.37 ± 7.25++
| 2.04 ± 0.10++
| 49.36 ± 2.65++
|
Group | Triglycerides (mg/dl) | Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | HDL (mg/dl) | LDL (mg/dl) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 125.56 ± 3.16++
| 32.43 ± 1.13++
| 33.45 ± 3.78++
| 30.52 ± 1.03++
|
Oil + DMSO | 124.35 ± 2.98++
| 33.00 ± 2.34++
| 32.92 ± 1.43++
| 30.98 ± 1.26++
|
CCl4
| 239.55 ± 2.99** | 78.07 ± 1.12** | 65.64 ± 2.53** | 42.98 ± 0.37** |
Sily + CCl4
| 169.75 ± 4.67++
| 46.83 ± 1.38++
| 43.98 ± 2.75++
| 34.67 ± 0.15++
|
ELR + CCl4
| 177.42 ± 4.25++
| 40.18 ± 2.28++
| 40.72 ± 2.49++
| 35.14 ± 0.11++
|
MLR + CCl4
| 187.77 ± 3.54++
| 50.34 ± 3.18++
| 46.23 ± 2.98++
| 33.56 ± 0.08++
|
ELR alone | 121.12 ± 1.44++
| 30.41 ± 1.24++
| 30.30 ± 1.01++
| 29.79 ± 1.00++
|
MLR alone | 122.06 ± 0.89++
| 30.86 ± 1.26++
| 28.36 ± 2.90++
| 30.29 ± 1.31++
|
Effects of extract on antioxidant status
Group | Protein (μg/mg tissue) | CAT (U/min) | POD (U/min) | SOD (U/mg protein) | TBARS (nM/min/mg protein) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 3.45 ± 0.027++
| 6.16 ± 0.14++
| 15.48 ± 0.20++
| 5.33 ± 0.08++
| 2.46. ± 0.15++
|
Oil + DMSO | 3.53 ± 0.007++
| 6.19 ± 0.30++
| 15.48 ± 0.32++
| 5.21 ± 0.41++
| 2.48 ± 0.20++
|
CCl4
| 1.26 ± 0.013** | 3.02 ± 0.24** | 7.54 ± 0.51** | 2.06 ± 0.16** | 6.83 ± 0.46** |
Sily + CCl4
| 2.79 ± 0.018++
| 5.00 ± 0.46++
| 12.94 ± 0.18++
| 4.10 ± 0.52++
| 3.81 ± 0.42++
|
ELR + CCl4
| 2.53 ± 0.028++
| 5.32 ± 0.34++
| 12.65 ± 0.34++
| 3.98 ± 0.17++
| 3.90 ± 0.37++
|
MLR + CCl4
| 2.48 ± 0.041++
| 4.65 ± 0.39++
| 12.09 ± 0.48++
| 3.85 ± 0.35++
| 4.09 ± 0.42++
|
ELR alone | 3.48 ± 0.008++
| 6.28 ± 0.22++
| 15.42 ± 0.17++
| 5.39 ± 0.18++
| 2.46. ± 0.07++
|
MLR alone | 3.47 ± 0.029++
| 6.40 ± 0.10++
| 15.76 ± 0.10++
| 5.52 ± 0.08++
| 2.73. ± 0.49++
|
Group | GST (nM/min/mg protein) | GPx (nM/min/mg protein) | GR (nM/min/mg protein) | GSH (μM/g tissue) | QR (nM/min/mg protein) | DNA damages % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 240.51 ± 6.19++
| 180.42 ± 3.25++
| 200.29 ± 3.13++
| 32.86 ± 3.22++
| 148.55 ± 2.22++
| 8.13 ± 1.03++
|
Oil + DMSO | 248.35 ± 3.75++
| 179.31 ± 3.56++
| 202.42 ± 3.16++
| 33.41 ± 4.05++
| 149.63 ± 1.79++
| 8.28 ± 2.08++
|
CCl4
| 125.85 ± 5.79** | 83.48 ± 2.39** | 103.38 ± 2.87** | 12.36 ± 2.68** | 78.65 ± 1.37** | 43.68 ± 1.37** |
Sily + CCl4
| 196.00 ± 5.38++
| 148.84 ± 2.77++
| 176.32 ± 2.17++
| 24.75 ± 3.72++
| 120.17 ± 1.57++
| 14.02 ± 1.80++
|
ELR + CCl4
| 180.58 ± 5.39++
| 132.23 ± 2.38++
| 170.73 ± 2.26++
| 25.27 ± 2.38++
| 115.17 ± 1.21++
| 16.31 ± 2.02++
|
MLR + CCl4
| 187.48 ± 4.03++
| 120.78 ± 3.02++
| 154.92 ± 3.96++
| 21.58 ± 1.98++
| 108.75 ± 2.08++
| 14.19 ± 1.46++
|
ELR alone | 249.98 ± 3.34++
| 185.23 ± 2.24++
| 201.29 ± 4.74++
| 35.29 ± 2.24++
| 149.12 ± 1.56++
| 6.89 ± 1.31++
|
MLR alone | 247.34 ± 3.27++
| 184.34 ± 2.87++
| 204.38 ± 3.28++
| 34.26 ± 2.75++
| 150.12 ± 1.10++
| 7.00 ± 1.31++
|