Background
Methods
Patients and tissue specimens
Patients characteristics | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 142 | 67.0 |
Female | 70 | 33.0 |
Ages | ||
≤ 60 | 134 | 63.2 |
> 60 | 78 | 36.8 |
Size | ||
≤ 2.0 cm | 33 | 15.6 |
> 2.0 cm, ≤5.0 cm | 110 | 51.9 |
> 5.0 cm | 69 | 32.5 |
Location | ||
Ascending | 42 | 19.8 |
Transverse | 64 | 30.2 |
Descending | 33 | 15.6 |
Sigmoid | 73 | 34.4 |
Gross type | ||
Ulcerative | 65 | 30.7 |
Infiltrating | 46 | 21.7 |
Polypoid | 68 | 32.1 |
Colloid | 33 | 15.6 |
Invasion | ||
Submucosa | 36 | 17.0 |
Muscularis | 64 | 30.2 |
Subserosaa | 101 | 47.6 |
Visceral peritoneumb | 11 | 5.2 |
Grade | ||
Well | 32 | 15.1 |
Moderate | 135 | 63.7 |
Poor | 45 | 21.2 |
Lymph node metastasis stages | ||
N0 | 136 | 64.2 |
N1 | 70 | 33.0 |
N2 | 6 | 2.8 |
TNM stage | ||
I | 69 | 32.5 |
II | 67 | 31.6 |
III | 76 | 35.8 |
Immunohistochemistry
Assessment of immunostaining
Statistical analysis
Results
Associations between MACC1, CD44, Twist1, and KiSS-1 in cancer tissues of patients and clinicopathological characteristics
Variable | MACC1 |
P
| CD44 | P | Twist1 | P | KiSS-1 |
P
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative Positive | Negative | Positive | ||||||
Gender | 0.239 | 0.929 | 0.783 | 0.564 | ||||||||
Male | 51 | 91 | 64 | 78 | 50 | 92 | 87 | 55 | ||||
Female | 31 | 39 | 32 | 38 | 26 | 44 | 40 | 30 | ||||
Age (years) | 0.263 | 0.927 | 0.775 | 0.833 | ||||||||
≤60 | 48 | 86 | 61 | 73 | 49 | 85 | 81 | 53 | ||||
> 60 | 34 | 44 | 35 | 43 | 27 | 51 | 46 | 32 | ||||
Size (cm) | 0.081 | 0.375 | 0.085 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
≤2.0 | 10 | 23 | 14 | 19 | 10 | 23 | 16 | 17 | ||||
> 2.0, ≤5.0 | 38 | 72 | 46 | 64 | 34 | 76 | 80 | 30 | ||||
> 5.0 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 33 | 32 | 37 | 31 | 38 | ||||
Location | 0.863 | 0.156 | 0.507 | 0.526 | ||||||||
Ascending | 17 | 25 | 21 | 21 | 13 | 29 | 21 | 21 | ||||
Transverse | 22 | 42 | 25 | 39 | 22 | 42 | 39 | 25 | ||||
Descending | 13 | 20 | 11 | 22 | 10 | 23 | 21 | 12 | ||||
Sigmoid | 30 | 43 | 39 | 34 | 31 | 42 | 46 | 27 | ||||
Gross type | 0.056 | 0.406 | 0.002 | 0.929 | ||||||||
Ulcerative | 27 | 38 | 35 | 30 | 31 | 34 | 37 | 28 | ||||
Infiltrating | 10 | 36 | 20 | 26 | 6 | 40 | 28 | 17 | ||||
Polypoid | 29 | 39 | 28 | 40 | 25 | 43 | 41 | 27 | ||||
Colloid | 16 | 17 | 13 | 20 | 14 | 19 | 21 | 12 | ||||
Invasion | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.002 | 0.003 | ||||||||
Submucosa | 20 | 16 | 21 | 15 | 19 | 17 | 13 | 23 | ||||
Muscularis | 19 | 45 | 29 | 35 | 30 | 34 | 38 | 26 | ||||
Subserosa | 41 | 60 | 45 | 56 | 25 | 76 | 66 | 35 | ||||
Visceral peritoneum | 2 | 9 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 9 | 10 | 1 | ||||
Grade | 0.032 | 0.024 | < 0.001 | 0.745 | ||||||||
Well | 18 | 14 | 20 | 12 | 19 | 13 | 18 | 14 | ||||
Moderate | 52 | 83 | 62 | 73 | 53 | 82 | 80 | 55 | ||||
Poor | 12 | 33 | 14 | 31 | 4 | 41 | 29 | 16 | ||||
LNM stages | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
N0 | 71 | 65 | 85 | 51 | 64 | 72 | 60 | 76 | ||||
N1 | 11 | 59 | 11 | 59 | 12 | 58 | 61 | 9 | ||||
N2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | ||||
TNM stage | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
I | 37 | 32 | 47 | 22 | 40 | 29 | 23 | 46 | ||||
II | 34 | 33 | 38 | 29 | 24 | 43 | 37 | 30 | ||||
III | 11 | 65 | 11 | 65 | 12 | 64 | 67 | 9 |
Associations among MACC1, CD44, Twist1, and KiSS-1 in CAC
Variable | MACC1 | r |
P
| CD44 | r |
P
| KiSS-1 | r |
P
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | |||||||
MACC1 | 0.270 | < 0.001a | −0.437 | < 0.001b | ||||||||
Negative | 51 | 31 | 27 | 55 | ||||||||
Positive | 45 | 85 | 100 | 30 | ||||||||
CD44 | 0.270 | < 0.001a | −0.397 | < 0.001b | ||||||||
Negative | 51 | 45 | 37 | 59 | ||||||||
Positive | 31 | 85 | 90 | 26 | ||||||||
Twist1 | 0.315 | < 0.001a | 0.150 | 0.029a | −0.251 | < 0.001b | ||||||
Negative | 45 | 31 | 42 | 34 | 33 | 43 | ||||||
Positive | 37 | 99 | 54 | 82 | 94 | 42 |
Metastasis
Variables | Categories | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P
| HR | 95% CI |
P
| ||
Invasion | Subserosa/ Visceral peritoneuma | < 0.001 | 12.336 | 1.264-120.427 | 0.031 |
MACC1 | Negative/Positive | < 0.001 | 2.956 | 1.222–7.149 | 0.016 |
CD44 | Negative/Positive | < 0.001 | 6.496 | 2.858–14.767 | < 0.001 |
Twist1 | Negative/Positive | < 0.001 | 3.951 | 1.673–9.331 | 0.002 |
KiSS-1 | Negative/Positive | < 0.001 | 0.271 | 0.110–0.666 | 0.004 |
Survival analysis
Variable | n | Mean OS (months) | Log-rank | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
MACC1 | 61.757 | < 0.001 | ||
Negative | 82 | 62.0 ± 9.6 | ||
Positive | 130 | 47.8 ± 12.5 | ||
CD44 | 54.938 | < 0.001 | ||
Negative | 96 | 61.2 ± 8.9 | ||
Positive | 116 | 46.8 ± 12.9 | ||
Twist1 | 24.306 | < 0.001 | ||
Negative | 76 | 59.7 ± 11.5 | ||
Positive | 136 | 49.7 ± 13.0 | ||
KiSS-1 | 115.258 | < 0.001 | ||
Negative | 127 | 45.7 ± 11.6 | ||
Positive | 85 | 64.7 ± 4.9 | ||
Gender | 0.070 | 0.792 | ||
Male | 142 | 54.0 ± 12.4 | ||
Female | 70 | 52.0 ± 15.2 | ||
Ages (year) | 0.206 | 0.650 | ||
≤ 60 | 134 | 54.3 ± 12.7 | ||
> 60 | 78 | 51.7 ± 14.4 | ||
Size (cm) | 5.887 | 0.053 | ||
≤ 2.0 | 33 | 55.0 ± 13.4 | ||
> 2.0, ≤5.0 | 110 | 51.0 ± 12.7 | ||
> 5.0 | 69 | 56.2 ± 13.9 | ||
Location | 7.503 | 0.057 | ||
Ascending | 42 | 54.3 ± 14.0 | ||
Transverse | 64 | 51.4 ± 13.4 | ||
Descending | 33 | 52.3 ± 13.3 | ||
Sigmoid | 73 | 54.9 ± 13.0 | ||
Type | 3.781 | 0.286 | ||
Ulcerative | 65 | 55.3 ± 13.0 | ||
Infiltrating | 46 | 51.8 ± 13.4 | ||
Polypoid | 68 | 52.6 ± 14.0 | ||
Colloid | 33 | 53.2 ± 12.7 | ||
Invasion | 14.868 | 0.002 | ||
Submucosa | 36 | 60.2 ± 9.9 | ||
Muscularis | 64 | 52.1 ± 14.7 | ||
Subserosa | 101 | 52.7 ± 12.5 | ||
Visceral peritoneum | 11 | 43.2 ± 14.4 | ||
Grade | 3.544 | 0.170 | ||
Well | 32 | 56.1 ± 14.1 | ||
Moderate | 135 | 53.7 ± 13.0 | ||
Poor | 45 | 50.1 ± 13.5 | ||
LNM stages | 325.068 | < 0.001 | ||
N0 | 136 | 60.6 ± 8.8 | ||
N1 | 70 | 41.5 ± 9.1 | ||
N2 | 6 | 26.3 ± 3.6 | ||
TNM stage | 152.179 | < 0.001 | ||
I | 69 | 62.7 ± 7.4 | ||
II | 67 | 58.4 ± 9.7 | ||
III | 79 | 40.3 ± 9.7 |
Variable | B | SE |
P
| RR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MACC1 | 1.070 | 0.198 | < 0.001 | 2.917 | 1.978–4.301 |
CD44 | 0.512 | 0.176 | 0.004 | 1.669 | 1.183–2.357 |
Twist1 | 0.348 | 0.176 | 0.048 | 1.417 | 1.003–2.000 |
KiSS-1 | −1.368 | 0.201 | < 0.001 | 0.255 | 0.172–0.377 |
LNM stages | 0.801 | 0.368 | 0.029 | 2.229 | 1.084–4.581 |
TNM stages | 0.630 | 0.260 | 0.015 | 1.877 | 1.127–3.124 |