Introduction
Materials and methods
Assessment of fatigue and cognitive functions
Event-related potentials
Statistical analysis
Results
Control group (n = 40) | MS patients (n = 86) | Subgroup I (n = 29) | Subgroup II (n = 31) | Subgroup III (n = 26) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||||||||
Range | 23–60 | 19–60 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.64 | 22–55 |
p (I–contr) = 0.46 | 19–56 |
p (II-contr) = 0.40 | 24–59 |
p (III-contr) = 0.48 p (I–III) = 0.2 p (II–III) = 0.95 |
Mean | 38.8 | 39.5 | 37.1 | 40.9 | p (I–II) = 0.2 | 40.7 | |||
Gender | |||||||||
M | 12 | 24 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.63 | 8 |
p (I–contr) = 0.78 | 7 |
p (II-contr) = 0.67 | 8 |
p (III-contr) = 0.72 p (I–III) = 0.97 p (II–III) = 0.69 |
F | 28 | 62 | 21 | 24 | p (I–II) = 0.88 | 18 | |||
MS duration (years) | |||||||||
Range | 1–30 | 1–12 | 0.5–30 |
p (I–II) = 0.09 | 1.5–30 |
p
(I–III) = 0.003
p (II–III) = 0.24 | |||
Mean | 8.57 | 5.38 | 9.05 | 11.56 | |||||
SD | 8.4 | 3.41 | 7.38 | 8.7 | |||||
EDSS | |||||||||
Range | 1–6.5 | 1–6.5 | 1–6.5 |
p
(I–II) = 0.027
| 1.5–6.5 |
p
(I–III) = 0.000001
p
(II–III) = 0.01
| |||
Mean | 3.03 | 2.12 | 2.98 | 4.08 | |||||
SD | 1.42 | 1.24 | 1.66 | 1.39 | |||||
MSSS | |||||||||
Range | 1.1–8.8 | 1.1–7.9 | 1.1–8.3 |
p (I–II) = 0.58 | 1.1–8.8 |
p
(I–III) = 0.014
p
(II–III) = 0.047
| |||
Mean | 4.4 | 3.86 | 4.16 | 5.32 | |||||
SD | 2.15 | 2.03 | 2.06 | 2.24 |
Controls (n = 40) | MS patients (n = 86) | Subgroup I (n = 29) | Subgroup II (n = 31) | Subgroup III (n = 26) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lat.N100 Fz (ms) | |||||||||
Mean | 96.2 | 96.9 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.47 | 96.3 |
p (I-contr) = 0.51 | 97.4 |
p (II-contr) = 0.13
p (I–II) = 0.18 | 96.6 |
p (III-contr) = 0.10
p (I–III) = 0.16
p (II–III) = 0.21 |
SD | 19.1 | 19.7 | 19.4 | 19.3 | 20.1 | ||||
Lat. N100 Cz (ms) | |||||||||
Mean | 96.5 | 97.4 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.42 | 96.8 |
p (I-contr) = 0.54 | 97.9 |
p (II-contr) = 0.12
p (I–II) = 0.21 | 97.4 |
p (III-contr) = 0.14
p (I–III) = 0.22
p (II–III) = 0.36 |
SD | 18.5 | 19.0 | 18.7 | 18.9 | 19.3 | ||||
Lat. N100 Pz (ms) | |||||||||
Mean | 97.1 | 97.5 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.56 | 97.2 |
p (I-contr) = 0.48 | 98.2 |
p (II-contr) = 0.19
p (I–II) = 0.15 | 97.5 |
p (III-contr) = 0.41
p (I–III) = 0.46
p (II–III) = 0.28 |
SD | 18.8 | 19.2 | 19.0 | 19.4 | 19.6 | ||||
Ampl N100 Fz (µV) | |||||||||
Mean | 9.13 | 8.11 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.19 | 6.90 |
p
(I-contr) = 0.035
| 8.31 |
p (II-contr) = 0.21 | 8.92 |
p (III-contr) = 0.46
p
(I–III) = 0.031
p (II–III) = 0.17 |
SD | 4.02 | 3.51 | 3.23 | 4.22 |
p (I–II) = 0.09 | 3.51 | |||
Ampl N100Cz (µV) | |||||||||
Mean | 9.26 | 7.55 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.08 | 6.76 |
p (I-contr) = 0.07 | 7.82 |
p (II-contr) = 0.08
p (I–II) = 0.11 | 8.23 |
p (III-contr) = 0.19
p (I–III) = 0.06
p (II–III) = 0.38 |
SD | 4.07 | 3.53 | 3.13 | 4.36 | 3.49 | ||||
Ampl N100 Pz (µV) | |||||||||
Mean | 7.34 | 5.44 |
p
(MS-contr) = 0.04
| 4.96 |
p
(I-contr) = 0.026
| 5.64 |
p (II-contr) = 0.06
p (I–II) = 0.10 | 5.14 |
p
(III-contr) = 0.032
p (I–III) = 0.54
p (II–III) = 0. 47 |
SD | 3.62 | 2.51 | 2.43 | 2.75 | 2.88 |
Controls (n = 40) | MS patients (n = 86) | Subgroup I (n = 29) | Subgroup II (n = 31) | Subgroup III (n = 26) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lat.N200 Fz (ms) | |||||||||
Mean | 209.5 | 223.8 |
p
(MS-contr) = 0.003
| 218.8 |
p (I-contr) = 0.11 | 225.8 |
p
(II-contr) = 0.013
p (I–II) = 0.33 | 227.1 |
p
(III-contr) = 0.003
p (I–III) = 0.17
p (II–III) = 0.85 |
Median | 205.0 | 220.5 | 220.0 | 218.0 | 225.5 | ||||
SD | 23.1 | 25.7 | 23.9 | 30.6 | 20.7 | ||||
Lat. N200 Cz (ms) | |||||||||
Mean | 207.9 | 222.3 |
p
(MS-contr) = 0.004
| 217.1 |
p (I-contr) = 0.12 | 224.7 |
p
(II-contr) = 0.012
p (I–II) = 0.31 | 225.3 |
p
(III-contr) = 0.003
p (I–III) = 0.20
p (II–III) = 0.93 |
Median | 204.0 | 219.0 | 218.0 | 217.0 | 224.0 | ||||
SD | 22.5 | 26.9 | 24.9 | 31.8 | 22.3 | ||||
Lat. N200 Pz (ms) | |||||||||
Mean | 208.6 | 222.1 |
p
(MS-contr) = 0.008
| 217.9 |
p (I-contr) = 0.11 | 223.8 |
p
(II-contr) = 0.023
p (I–II) = 0.43 | 224.8 |
p
(III-contr) = 0.006
p (I–III) = 0.29
p (II–III) = 0.89 |
Median | 205.0 | 220.0 | 221.0 | 217.0 | 224.5 | ||||
SD | 22.0 | 27.2 | 25.3 | 32.4 | 22.6 | ||||
Ampl N200 Fz (µV) | |||||||||
Mean | 4.27 | 4.89 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.29 | 4.64 |
p (I-contr) = 0.59 | 5.25 |
p (II-contr) = 0.23
p (I–II) = 0.49 | 4.74 |
p (III-contr) = 0.51
p (I–III) = 0.89
p (II–III) = 0.57 |
Median | 3.80 | 5.20 | 4.10 | 5.40 | 5.20 | ||||
SD | 2.91 | 3.15 | 2.77 | 3.82 | 2.71 | ||||
Ampl N200Cz (µV) | |||||||||
Mean | 3.51 | 4.12 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.31 | 4.31 |
p (I-contr) = 0.29 | 4.0 |
p (II-contr) = 0.53
p (I–II) = 0.70 | 4.06 |
p (III-contr) = 0.49
p (I–III) = 0.76
p (II–III) = 0.94 |
Median | 2.10 | 3.40 | 3.70 | 3.60 | 3.20 | ||||
SD | 3.09 | 3.13 | 3.03 | 3.33 | 3.13 | ||||
Ampl N200 Pz (µV) | |||||||||
Mean | 2.69 | 2.96 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.55 | 2.96 |
p (I-contr) = 0.67 | 2.79 |
p (II-contr) = 0.86
p (I–II) = 0.6 | 3.18 |
p (III-contr) = 0.46
p (I–III) = 0.74
p (II–III) = 0. 49 |
Median | 1.80 | 2.40 | 2.20 | 2.60 | 2.40 | ||||
SD | 2.58 | 2.21 | 2.36 | 1.74 | 2.57 |
Controls (n = 40) | MS patients (n = 86) | Subgroup I (n = 29) | Subgroup II (n = 31) | Subgroup III (n = 26) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lat.P300 Fz (ms) | |||||||||
Mean | 321.4 | 339.4 |
p
(MS-contr) = 0.0008
| 334.4 |
p (I-contr) = 0.10 | 341.3 |
p
(II-contr) = 0.001
p (I–II) = 0.39 | 342.6 |
p
(III-contr) = 0.0009
p (I–III) = 0.33
p (II–III) = 0.86 |
Median | 323.0 | 341.0 | 338.0 | 340.0 | 344.0 | ||||
SD | 22.4 | 29.5 | 34.0 | 27.5 | 26.6 | ||||
Lat. P300 Cz (ms) | |||||||||
Mean | 322.6 | 340.6 |
p
(MS-contr) = 0.001
| 335.8 |
p (I-contr) = 0.054 | 341.6 |
p
(II-contr) = 0.004
p (I–II) = 0.47 | 344.5 |
p
(III-contr) = 0.001
p (I–III) = 0.29
p (II–III) = 0.71 |
Median | 326.0 | 340.5 | 338.0 | 339.0 | 345.5 | ||||
SD | 23.4 | 30.0 | 32.2 | 30.0 | 27.7 | ||||
Lat. P300 Pz (ms) | |||||||||
Mean | 325.6 | 343.1 |
p
(MS-contr) = 0.002
| 338.7 |
p (I-contr) = 0.054 | 343.9 |
p
(II-contr) = 0.005
p (I–II) = 0.52 | 347.0 |
p
(III-contr) = 0.002
p (I–III) = 0.31
p (II–III) = 0.69 |
Median | 328.0 | 343.0 | 339.0 | 342.0 | 347.0 | ||||
SD | 23.7 | 30.0 | 31.5 | 30.3 | 28.5 | ||||
Ampl P300 Fz (µV) | |||||||||
Mean | 7.08 | 6.80 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.72 | 7.49 |
p (I-contr) = 0.69 | 6.92 |
p (II-contr) = 0.87
p (I–II) = 0.59 | 5.9 |
p (III-contr) = 0.25
p (I–III) = 0.12
p (II–III) = 0.34 |
Median | 6.40 | 6.65 | 8.50 | 6.70 | 6.15 | ||||
SD | 4.41 | 3.95 | 3.93 | 4.35 | 3.42 | ||||
Ampl P300 Cz (µV) | |||||||||
Mean | 8.10 | 7.60 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.52 | 8.47 |
p (I-contr) = 0.72 | 7.69 |
p (II-contr) = 0.69
p (I–II) = 0.46 | 6.54 |
p (III-contr) = 0.13
p (I–III) = 0.052
p (II–III) = 0.28 |
Median | 8.20 | 7.60 | 8.50 | 7.40 | 6.95 | ||||
SD | 4.32 | 3.90 | 3.76 | 4.32 | 3.4 | ||||
Ampl P300 Pz (µV) | |||||||||
Mean | 8.47 | 8.33 |
p (MS-contr) = 0.86 | 9.13 |
p (I-contr) = 0.49 | 8.73 |
p (II-contr) = 0.80
p (I–II) = 0.71 | 6.96 |
p (III-contr) = 0.13
p
(I–III) = 0.029
p (II–III) = 0.11 |
Median | 7.60 | 8.25 | 8.80 | 8.30 | 7.20 | ||||
SD | 4.09 | 4.0 | 3.67 | 4.52 | 3.46 |
Subgroup I (n = 29) | Subgroup II (n = 31) | Subgroup III (n = 26) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SVRT-L | |||||
Mean | 35.8 | 33.9 |
p
(I–II) = 0.013
| 33.3 |
p (I–III) = 0.054
p (II–III) = 0.12 |
Median | 34.0 | 34.0 | 34.0 | ||
SD | 12.6 | 13.6 | 12.9 | ||
SVRT-C | |||||
Mean | 27.0 | 23.7 |
p
(I–II) = 0.041
| 21.2 |
p
(I–III) = 0.003
p
(II–III) = 0.037
|
Median | 27.0 | 20.0 | 23.0 | ||
SD | 14.9 | 13.9 | 12.0 | ||
SVRT-T | |||||
Mean | 47.4 | 44.2 |
p
(I–II) = 0.021
| 44.0 |
p
(I–III) = 0.005
p (II–III) = 0.06 |
Median | 48.0 | 45.0 | 45.0 | ||
SD | 8.2 | 8.7 | 8.0 | ||
SVRT-D | |||||
Mean | 7.48 | 6.32 |
p
(I–II) = 0.037
| 6.65 |
p
(I–III) = 0.003
p (II–III) = 0.09 |
Median | 8.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | ||
SD | 2.71 | 2.87 | 2.17 | ||
SpaR | |||||
Mean | 19.1 | 18.0 |
p (I–II) = 0.79 | 16.7 |
p (I–III) = 0.051
p (II–III) = 0.49 |
Median | 18.0 | 18.0 | 15.0 | ||
SD | 6.8 | 5.1 | 5.2 | ||
SpaR-D | |||||
Mean | 7.14 | 8.03 |
p (I–II) = 0.38 | 5.96 |
p
(I–III) = 0.013
p (II–III) = 0.14 |
Median | 7.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | ||
SD | 2.5 | 8.65 | 2.52 | ||
SDMT | |||||
Mean | 50.6 | 46.7 |
p (I–II) = 0.34 | 38.1 |
p
(I–III) = 0.003
p (II–III) = 0.48 |
Median | 50.0 | 48.0 | 36.0 | ||
SD | 14.8 | 11.9 | 10.7 | ||
PASAT | |||||
Mean | 51.0 | 46.0 |
p (I–II) = 0.099 | 43.0 |
p
(I–III) = 0.001
p (II–III) = 0.073 |
Median | 53.0 | 49.0 | 46.5 | ||
SD | 9.8 | 11.8 | 13.0 | ||
VF | |||||
Mean | 25.0 | 23.8 |
p (I–II) = 0.99 | 23.6 |
p (I–III) = 0.15
p (II–III) = 0.75 |
Median | 26.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | ||
SD | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
FSS | FSS-5 | MFIS | MFISmod | Physical subscale MFISmod | Cognitive subscale MFISmod | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDMT |
R = −0.38
p = 0.00001
|
R = −0.38
p = 0.00001
|
R = −0.42
p = 0.00001
|
R = −0.42
p = 0.0001
|
R = −0.38
p = 0.0003
|
R = −0.33
p = 0.002
|
PASAT |
R = −0.30
p = 0.004
|
R = −0.32
p = 0.005
|
R = −0.39
p = 0.00001
|
R = −0.33
p = 0.002
|
R = −0.24
p = 0.024
|
R = −0.37
p = 0.0005
|
SDMT = f(FSS, age, disease duration, MSSS)
N = 86, R = 0.53, R
2 = 0.28, adjusted R
2 = 0.26, p = 0.00000 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Beta |
B
|
p
| |
Disease duration | −0.389 | −0.730 | 0.00010 |
MSSS | −0.439 | −2.73 | 0.00001 |
SDMT = f(MFIS, age, disease duration, MSSS)
N = 86, R = 0.57, R
2 = 0.32, adjusted R
2 = 0.30, p = 0.00000 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Beta |
B
|
p
| |
MFIS | −0.234 | −0.198 | 0.0240 |
Disease duration | −0.305 | −0.572 | 0.00302 |
MSSS | −0.358 | −2.23 | 0.00052 |
PASAT = f(FSS, age, disease duration, MSSS)
N = 86, R = 0.30, R
2 = 0.09, adjusted R
2 = 0.08, p = 0.00442 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Beta |
B
|
p
| |
FSS | −0.304 | −2.06 | 0.00442 |
PASAT = f(MFIS, age, disease duration, MSSS)
N = 86, R = 0.39, R
2 = 0.15, adjusted R
2 = 0.14, p = 0.00022 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Beta |
B
|
p
| |
MFIS | −0.388 | −0.290 | 0.00022 |