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Brain Structure and Function

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02.01.2016 | Short Communication

Evidence for expansion of the precuneus in human evolution

verfasst von: Emiliano Bruner, Todd M. Preuss, Xu Chen, James K. Rilling

Erschienen in: Brain Structure and Function | Ausgabe 2/2017

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Abstract

The evolution of neurocranial morphology in Homo sapiens is characterized by bulging of the parietal region, a feature unique to our species. In modern humans, expansion of the parietal surface occurs during the first year of life, in a morphogenetic stage which is absent in chimpanzees and Neandertals. A similar variation in brain shape among living adult humans is associated with expansion of the precuneus. Using MRI-derived structural brain templates, we compare medial brain morphology between humans and chimpanzees through shape analysis and geometrical modeling. We find that the main spatial difference is a prominent expansion of the precuneus in our species, providing further evidence of evolutionary changes associated with this area. The precuneus is a major hub of brain organization, a central node of the default-mode network, and plays an essential role in visuospatial integration. Together, the comparative neuroanatomical and paleontological evidence suggest that precuneus expansion is a neurological specialization of H. sapiens that evolved in the last 150,000 years that may be associated with recent human cognitive specializations.

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Titel: Evidence for expansion of the precuneus in human evolution
verfasst von: Emiliano Bruner
Todd M. Preuss
Xu Chen
James K. Rilling
Publikationsdatum: 02.01.2016
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Brain Structure and Function / Ausgabe 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1863-2653
Elektronische ISSN: 1863-2661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1172-y

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