Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Annals of Behavioral Medicine 3/2016

20.01.2016 | Original Article

Exercise to Enhance Smoking Cessation: the Getting Physical on Cigarette Randomized Control Trial

verfasst von: Harry Prapavessis, Ph.D., Stefanie De Jesus, PhD, Lindsay Fitzgeorge, PhD, Guy Faulkner, PhD, Ralph Maddison, PhD, Sandra Batten, BSc

Erschienen in: Annals of Behavioral Medicine | Ausgabe 3/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

Exercise has been proposed as a useful smoking cessation aid.

Purpose

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of an exercise-aided smoking cessation intervention program, with built-in maintenance components, on post-intervention 14-, 26- and 56-week cessation rates.

Method

Female cigarette smokers (n = 413) participating in a supervised exercise and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) smoking cessation program were randomized to one of four conditions: exercise + smoking cessation maintenance, exercise maintenance + contact control, smoking cessation maintenance + contact control or contact control. The primary outcome was continuous smoking abstinence.

Results

Abstinence differences were found between the exercise and equal contact non-exercise maintenance groups at weeks 14 (57 vs 43 %), 26 (27 vs 21 %) and 56 (26 vs 23.5 %), respectively. Only the week 14 difference approached significance, p = 0.08.

Conclusions

An exercise-aided NRT smoking cessation program with built-in maintenance components enhances post-intervention cessation rates at week 14 but not at weeks 26 and 56.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Canadian Cancer Society’s Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics. Canadian Cancer Statistics 2014. Toronto: Canadian Cancer Society; 2014. Canadian Cancer Society’s Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics. Canadian Cancer Statistics 2014. Toronto: Canadian Cancer Society; 2014.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Canadian Cancer Society/National Cancer Institute of Canada: Canadian Cancer Statistics 2007, Toronto, Canada, 2007. Canadian Cancer Society/National Cancer Institute of Canada: Canadian Cancer Statistics 2007, Toronto, Canada, 2007.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Huxley R, Woodward M. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in women compared with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Lancet. 2011; 378(9799): 1297-1300.CrossRefPubMed Huxley R, Woodward M. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in women compared with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Lancet. 2011; 378(9799): 1297-1300.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirschorn N. Evolution of the tobacco industry positions on addiction to nicotine: A report prepared for the Tobacco Free Initiative. World Health Organization. (2008). WHO Tobacco Control Papers (NLM No. HD 9149). Hirschorn N. Evolution of the tobacco industry positions on addiction to nicotine: A report prepared for the Tobacco Free Initiative. World Health Organization. (2008). WHO Tobacco Control Papers (NLM No. HD 9149).
7.
Zurück zum Zitat United States Office of the Surgeon General. The health consequences of smoking—nicotine addiction: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: United States Center for Health Promotion and Education & United States Office on Smoking and Health. http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/B/Z/D/ Published in 1988. Accessed on August 3, 2008. United States Office of the Surgeon General. The health consequences of smoking—nicotine addiction: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: United States Center for Health Promotion and Education & United States Office on Smoking and Health. http://​profiles.​nlm.​nih.​gov/​NN/​B/​B/​Z/​D/​ Published in 1988. Accessed on August 3, 2008.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Cahill K, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. February 2011. CD006103. Available from Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Cahill K, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. February 2011. CD006103. Available from Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, Mant D, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. January 2008. CD000146. Available from Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, Mant D, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. January 2008. CD000146. Available from Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. (2008). Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS102957 Published in May 2008. Accessed on December 19, 2014. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. (2008). Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. http://​purl.​access.​gpo.​gov/​GPO/​LPS102957 Published in May 2008. Accessed on December 19, 2014.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Hassova M, Warren FC, Ussher M, et al. The acute effects of physical activity on cigarette cravings: Exploration of potential moderators, mediators and physical activity attributes using individual participant data (IDP) meta-analyses. Psychopharmacology. 2014; 231: 1267-1275.CrossRef Hassova M, Warren FC, Ussher M, et al. The acute effects of physical activity on cigarette cravings: Exploration of potential moderators, mediators and physical activity attributes using individual participant data (IDP) meta-analyses. Psychopharmacology. 2014; 231: 1267-1275.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts V, Maddison R, Simpson C, Bullen C, Prapavessis H. The acute effects of exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms, affect, and smoking behaviour: Systematic review update and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology. 2012; 222: 1-15.CrossRefPubMed Roberts V, Maddison R, Simpson C, Bullen C, Prapavessis H. The acute effects of exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms, affect, and smoking behaviour: Systematic review update and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology. 2012; 222: 1-15.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor AH, Katomeri M, Ussher M. Effects of walking on cigarette cravings and affect in the context of Nesbitt’s paradox and the circumplex model. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2006; 28: 18. Taylor AH, Katomeri M, Ussher M. Effects of walking on cigarette cravings and affect in the context of Nesbitt’s paradox and the circumplex model. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2006; 28: 18.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor AH, Ussher M, Faulkner G. The acute effects of exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms, affect and smoking behaviour: A systematic review. Addiction. 2007; 102(4): 534-543.CrossRefPubMed Taylor AH, Ussher M, Faulkner G. The acute effects of exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms, affect and smoking behaviour: A systematic review. Addiction. 2007; 102(4): 534-543.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Janse Van Rensburg K, Taylor A, Hodgson T. The effects of acute exercise on attentional bias towards smoking-related stimuli during temporary abstinence from smoking. Addiction. 2009; 104(11): 1910-1917.CrossRef Janse Van Rensburg K, Taylor A, Hodgson T. The effects of acute exercise on attentional bias towards smoking-related stimuli during temporary abstinence from smoking. Addiction. 2009; 104(11): 1910-1917.CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts V, Gant N, Sollers JJ 3rd, Bullen C, Jiang Y, Maddison R. Effects of exercise on the desire to smoke and physiological responses to temporary smoking abstinence: A crossover trial. Psychopharmacology. 2015; 232(6): 1071-1081.CrossRefPubMed Roberts V, Gant N, Sollers JJ 3rd, Bullen C, Jiang Y, Maddison R. Effects of exercise on the desire to smoke and physiological responses to temporary smoking abstinence: A crossover trial. Psychopharmacology. 2015; 232(6): 1071-1081.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Scerbo F, Faulkner G, Taylor A, Thomas S. Effects of exercise on cravings to smoke: The role of exercise intensity and cortisol. J Sports Sci. 2010; 28(1): 11-19.CrossRefPubMed Scerbo F, Faulkner G, Taylor A, Thomas S. Effects of exercise on cravings to smoke: The role of exercise intensity and cortisol. J Sports Sci. 2010; 28(1): 11-19.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Harper T, Fitzgeorge L, Tritter A, Prapavessis H. Acute exercise effects on craving and withdrawal symptoms among women attempting to quit smoking using nicotine replacement therapy. J Smok Cessat. 2012; 7(2): 72-79.CrossRef Harper T, Fitzgeorge L, Tritter A, Prapavessis H. Acute exercise effects on craving and withdrawal symptoms among women attempting to quit smoking using nicotine replacement therapy. J Smok Cessat. 2012; 7(2): 72-79.CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Tritter A, Fitzgeorge L, Prapavessis H. The effect of acute exercise on cigarette cravings while using a nicotine lozenge. Psychopharmacology. (online first, Feb 22nd 2015). Tritter A, Fitzgeorge L, Prapavessis H. The effect of acute exercise on cigarette cravings while using a nicotine lozenge. Psychopharmacology. (online first, Feb 22nd 2015).
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Ussher M, West R, McEwen A, Taylor AH, Steptoe A. Efficacy of exercise counselling as an aid for smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2003; 98: 523-532.CrossRefPubMed Ussher M, West R, McEwen A, Taylor AH, Steptoe A. Efficacy of exercise counselling as an aid for smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2003; 98: 523-532.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams DM. Increasing fitness is associated with fewer depressive symptoms during successful smoking abstinence among women. Int J Fit. 2008; 4: 39-44.PubMedPubMedCentral Williams DM. Increasing fitness is associated with fewer depressive symptoms during successful smoking abstinence among women. Int J Fit. 2008; 4: 39-44.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatsukami DK, Hughes JR, Pickens RW, Suilis D. Tobacco withdrawal symptoms: An experimental analysis. Psychopharmacology. 1984; 84: 231-236.CrossRefPubMed Hatsukami DK, Hughes JR, Pickens RW, Suilis D. Tobacco withdrawal symptoms: An experimental analysis. Psychopharmacology. 1984; 84: 231-236.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Murray AL, Lawrence PS. Sequels to smoking cessation: A review. Clin Psychol Rev. 1984; 4: 143-157.CrossRef Murray AL, Lawrence PS. Sequels to smoking cessation: A review. Clin Psychol Rev. 1984; 4: 143-157.CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiffman SM. The tobacco withdrawal syndrome. In: Kraenegor NA, ed. Cigarette smoking as a dependence process. [NIDA Research Monograph No. 23, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publication No (ADM) 79–800] Rockville MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1979. Shiffman SM. The tobacco withdrawal syndrome. In: Kraenegor NA, ed. Cigarette smoking as a dependence process. [NIDA Research Monograph No. 23, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publication No (ADM) 79–800] Rockville MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1979.
25.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat de Ruiter W, Faulkner G. Physical activity as a harm reduction strategy. Nic Tob Control. 2006; 8: 157-168.CrossRef de Ruiter W, Faulkner G. Physical activity as a harm reduction strategy. Nic Tob Control. 2006; 8: 157-168.CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Ussher MH, Taylor AH, Faulkner GE. Exercise interventions for smoking cessation. August 2014. CD002295. Available from Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Ussher MH, Taylor AH, Faulkner GE. Exercise interventions for smoking cessation. August 2014. CD002295. Available from Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Marcus BH, Albrecht AE, Niaura RS, Abrams DB, Thompson PD. Usefulness of physical exercise for maintaining smoking cessation in women. Am J Cardiol. 1991; 68: 406-407.CrossRefPubMed Marcus BH, Albrecht AE, Niaura RS, Abrams DB, Thompson PD. Usefulness of physical exercise for maintaining smoking cessation in women. Am J Cardiol. 1991; 68: 406-407.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Marcus BH, Albrecht AE, King TK, et al. The efficacy of exercise as an aid for smoking cessation in women: A randomised controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159: 1229-1234.CrossRefPubMed Marcus BH, Albrecht AE, King TK, et al. The efficacy of exercise as an aid for smoking cessation in women: A randomised controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159: 1229-1234.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin JE, Kalfas KJ, Patten CA. Prospective evaluation of three smoking interventions in 205 recovering alcoholics: One-year results of project SCRAP-Tobacco. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997; 65: 190-194.CrossRefPubMed Martin JE, Kalfas KJ, Patten CA. Prospective evaluation of three smoking interventions in 205 recovering alcoholics: One-year results of project SCRAP-Tobacco. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997; 65: 190-194.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Prapavessis H, Cameron L, Baldi JC, et al. The effects of exercise and nicotine replacement therapy on smoking rates in women. Addict Behav. 2007; 32: 1416-1432.CrossRefPubMed Prapavessis H, Cameron L, Baldi JC, et al. The effects of exercise and nicotine replacement therapy on smoking rates in women. Addict Behav. 2007; 32: 1416-1432.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Abrantes AM, Bloom EL, Strong DR, et al. A preliminary randomized controlled trial of a behavioral exercise intervention for smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014; 16(8): 1094-1103.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Abrantes AM, Bloom EL, Strong DR, et al. A preliminary randomized controlled trial of a behavioral exercise intervention for smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014; 16(8): 1094-1103.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Maddison R, Roberts V, McRobbie H, et al. Exercise counseling to enhance smoking cessation outcomes: The Fit2Quit randomized controlled trial. Ann Behav Med. 2014; 48(2): 194-204.CrossRefPubMed Maddison R, Roberts V, McRobbie H, et al. Exercise counseling to enhance smoking cessation outcomes: The Fit2Quit randomized controlled trial. Ann Behav Med. 2014; 48(2): 194-204.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Kinnunen T, Leeman RF, Korhonen T, et al. Exercise as an adjunct to nicotine gum in treating tobacco dependence among women. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008; 10: 689-703.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kinnunen T, Leeman RF, Korhonen T, et al. Exercise as an adjunct to nicotine gum in treating tobacco dependence among women. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008; 10: 689-703.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Zurück zum Zitat McKay HG, Danaher BG, Seeley JR, Lichtenstein E, Gau JM. Comparing two web-based smoking cessation programs: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2008; 10(5): e40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral McKay HG, Danaher BG, Seeley JR, Lichtenstein E, Gau JM. Comparing two web-based smoking cessation programs: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2008; 10(5): e40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ussher M, West W, McEwen A, Taylor AH, Steptoe A. Randomized controlled trial of physical activity counseling as an aid to smoking cessation: 12 month follow-up. Addict Behav. 2007; 32: 3060-3064.CrossRefPubMed Ussher M, West W, McEwen A, Taylor AH, Steptoe A. Randomized controlled trial of physical activity counseling as an aid to smoking cessation: 12 month follow-up. Addict Behav. 2007; 32: 3060-3064.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Brandon TH, Collins BN, Juliano LM, Lazev AB. Preventing relapse among former smokers: A comparison of minimal interventions via telephone and mail. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000; 68: 103-113.CrossRefPubMed Brandon TH, Collins BN, Juliano LM, Lazev AB. Preventing relapse among former smokers: A comparison of minimal interventions via telephone and mail. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000; 68: 103-113.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Brandon TH, Vidrine J, Litvin EB. Relapse and relapse prevention. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2007; 3: 257-284.CrossRefPubMed Brandon TH, Vidrine J, Litvin EB. Relapse and relapse prevention. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2007; 3: 257-284.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Faulkner G, Taylor A, Ferrence R, Munro S, Selby P. Exercise science and the development of evidence based practice: A “better practices” framework. Eur J Sport Sci. 2006; 6: 117-126.CrossRef Faulkner G, Taylor A, Ferrence R, Munro S, Selby P. Exercise science and the development of evidence based practice: A “better practices” framework. Eur J Sport Sci. 2006; 6: 117-126.CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Jung ME, Fitzgeorge L, Prapavessis H, Faulkner G, Maddison R. The getting physical on cigarettes trial: Rationale and methods. Ment Health Phys Act. 2010; 3(1): 35-44.CrossRef Jung ME, Fitzgeorge L, Prapavessis H, Faulkner G, Maddison R. The getting physical on cigarettes trial: Rationale and methods. Ment Health Phys Act. 2010; 3(1): 35-44.CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991; 86(9): 1119-1127.CrossRefPubMed Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991; 86(9): 1119-1127.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Fagerström K. Determinants of tobacco use and renaming the FTND to the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012; 14(1): 75-78.CrossRefPubMed Fagerström K. Determinants of tobacco use and renaming the FTND to the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012; 14(1): 75-78.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Middleton ET, Morice AH. Breath carbon monoxide as an indication of smoking habit. Chest. 2000; 117(3): 758-763.CrossRefPubMed Middleton ET, Morice AH. Breath carbon monoxide as an indication of smoking habit. Chest. 2000; 117(3): 758-763.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Godin G, Shephard RJ. A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1985; 10: 141-146.PubMed Godin G, Shephard RJ. A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1985; 10: 141-146.PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Brandon TH, Meade CD, Herzog TA, Chirikos TN, Webb MS, Cantor AB. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a minimal intervention to prevent smoking relapse: Dismantling the effects of content versus contact. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004; 72: 797-808.CrossRefPubMed Brandon TH, Meade CD, Herzog TA, Chirikos TN, Webb MS, Cantor AB. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a minimal intervention to prevent smoking relapse: Dismantling the effects of content versus contact. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004; 72: 797-808.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Leelarungrayub D, Pratanaphon S, Pothongsunun P, Sriboonreung T, Yankai A, Bloomer RJ. Vernonia cinerea Less. supplementation and strenuous exercise reduce smoking rate: Relation to oxidative stress status and beta-endorphin release in active smokers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010; 7: 21. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-7-21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Leelarungrayub D, Pratanaphon S, Pothongsunun P, Sriboonreung T, Yankai A, Bloomer RJ. Vernonia cinerea Less. supplementation and strenuous exercise reduce smoking rate: Relation to oxidative stress status and beta-endorphin release in active smokers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010; 7: 21. doi:10.​1186/​1550-2783-7-21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor AH, Thompson TP, Greaves CJ, Taylor RS, Green C, Warren FC, … Ussher MH. A pilot randomised trial to assess the methods and procedures for evaluating the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Exercise Assisted Reduction then Stop (EARS) among disadvantaged smokers. Health Technol Assess. 2014;18(4):1–324. doi:10.3310/hta18040. Taylor AH, Thompson TP, Greaves CJ, Taylor RS, Green C, Warren FC, … Ussher MH. A pilot randomised trial to assess the methods and procedures for evaluating the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Exercise Assisted Reduction then Stop (EARS) among disadvantaged smokers. Health Technol Assess. 2014;18(4):1–324. doi:10.​3310/​hta18040.
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer C, Thiemann S. How many subjects? Statistical power analysis in research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishing; 1987. Kraemer C, Thiemann S. How many subjects? Statistical power analysis in research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishing; 1987.
53.
Zurück zum Zitat West R. The clinical significance of “small” effects of smoking cessation treatments. Addiction. 2007; 102(4): 506-509.CrossRefPubMed West R. The clinical significance of “small” effects of smoking cessation treatments. Addiction. 2007; 102(4): 506-509.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Myung SK, McDonnell DD, Kazinets G, Seo HG, Mokowitz JM. Effects of web- and computer-based smoking cessation programs: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169(10): 929-937.CrossRefPubMed Myung SK, McDonnell DD, Kazinets G, Seo HG, Mokowitz JM. Effects of web- and computer-based smoking cessation programs: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169(10): 929-937.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Whittaker R, Borland R, Bullen C, Lin RB, McRobbie H, Rodgers A. Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation. November 2009. CD006611. Available from Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. Whittaker R, Borland R, Bullen C, Lin RB, McRobbie H, Rodgers A. Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation. November 2009. CD006611. Available from Cochrane Database of Syst Rev.
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Fjeldsoe BS, Miller YD, Marshall AL. MobileMums: A randomized controlled trial of an SMS-based physical activity intervention. Ann Behav Med. 2010; 39(2): 101-111.CrossRefPubMed Fjeldsoe BS, Miller YD, Marshall AL. MobileMums: A randomized controlled trial of an SMS-based physical activity intervention. Ann Behav Med. 2010; 39(2): 101-111.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Hurling R, Catt M, Boni MD, et al. Using internet and mobile phone technology to deliver an automated physical activity program: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2007; 9(2): e7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hurling R, Catt M, Boni MD, et al. Using internet and mobile phone technology to deliver an automated physical activity program: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2007; 9(2): e7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Godin G. The Godin-Shephard leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Health Fit J Can. 2011; 4(1): 18-22. Godin G. The Godin-Shephard leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Health Fit J Can. 2011; 4(1): 18-22.
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindson N, Aveyard P, Hughes JR. Reduction versus abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit. March 2010. CD008033. Available from Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. Lindson N, Aveyard P, Hughes JR. Reduction versus abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit. March 2010. CD008033. Available from Cochrane Database of Syst Rev.
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Korhonen T, Goodwin A, Miesmaa P, Dupuis EA, Kinnen T. Smoking cessation program with exercise improves cardiovascular disease biomarkers in sedentary women. J Women's Health. 2011; 20: 1051-1064.CrossRef Korhonen T, Goodwin A, Miesmaa P, Dupuis EA, Kinnen T. Smoking cessation program with exercise improves cardiovascular disease biomarkers in sedentary women. J Women's Health. 2011; 20: 1051-1064.CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Leitzmann MF, Koebnick C, Abnetm CC, et al. Prospective study of physical activity and lung cancer by histologic type in current, former and never smokers. Am J Epidemiol. 2009; 169: 542-553.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Leitzmann MF, Koebnick C, Abnetm CC, et al. Prospective study of physical activity and lung cancer by histologic type in current, former and never smokers. Am J Epidemiol. 2009; 169: 542-553.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonzales D, Rennard SI, Nides M, et al. Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006; 296(1): 47-55.CrossRefPubMed Gonzales D, Rennard SI, Nides M, et al. Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006; 296(1): 47-55.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Jorenby DE, Hays JT, Rigotti NA, et al. Efficacy of varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs placebo or sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006; 296(1): 56-63.CrossRefPubMed Jorenby DE, Hays JT, Rigotti NA, et al. Efficacy of varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs placebo or sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006; 296(1): 56-63.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Bize R, Willi C, Chiolero A, et al. Participation in a population-based physical activity programme as an aid for smoking cessation: A randomised trial. Tob Control. 2010; 19: 488-494.CrossRefPubMed Bize R, Willi C, Chiolero A, et al. Participation in a population-based physical activity programme as an aid for smoking cessation: A randomised trial. Tob Control. 2010; 19: 488-494.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Walker N, Howe C, Bullen C, et al. The combined effect of very low nicotine content cigarettes, used as an adjunct to usual Quitline care (nicotine replacement therapy and behavioural support), on smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2012; 107(10): 1857-1867.CrossRefPubMed Walker N, Howe C, Bullen C, et al. The combined effect of very low nicotine content cigarettes, used as an adjunct to usual Quitline care (nicotine replacement therapy and behavioural support), on smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2012; 107(10): 1857-1867.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Exercise to Enhance Smoking Cessation: the Getting Physical on Cigarette Randomized Control Trial
verfasst von
Harry Prapavessis, Ph.D.
Stefanie De Jesus, PhD
Lindsay Fitzgeorge, PhD
Guy Faulkner, PhD
Ralph Maddison, PhD
Sandra Batten, BSc
Publikationsdatum
20.01.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Annals of Behavioral Medicine / Ausgabe 3/2016
Print ISSN: 0883-6612
Elektronische ISSN: 1532-4796
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-015-9761-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2016

Annals of Behavioral Medicine 3/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Neu in den Fachgebieten Neurologie und Psychiatrie