Background
Measurement of satisfaction
Vulnerable groups & health care satisfaction
Methods
Recruitment
Questionnaires/measures
Data-analysis
Results
Age | |
18–25 | 12 % (n = 17) |
26–30 | 40 % (n = 55) |
31–35 | 32 % (n = 45) |
>35 | 16 % (n = 22) |
Origin | |
Belgian | 73 % (n = 101) |
Foreign Descent | 27 % (n = 38) |
Education (n = 139) | |
No education or primary | 11 % (n = 15) |
Secondary school (n = 28) | 20 % (n = 28) |
Higher Education (n = 96) | 69 % (n = 96) |
Household income (n = 139) | |
< € 800 | 3 % (n = 4) |
Between € 800 and € 1000 | 9 % (n = 13) |
Between € 1000 and € 1500 | 8 % (n = 11) |
Between € 1500 and € 2000 | 8 % (n = 11) |
> € 2000 | 72 % (n = 100) |
Financial distress (n = 139) | |
No | 47 % (n = 65) |
Moderate | 27 % (n = 38) |
Serious | 26 % (n = 36) |
Marital status (n = 139) | |
Married/cohabiting | 94 % (n = 131) |
Divorced | 1 % (n = 2) |
Single | 4 % (n = 6) |
Pregnancy | |
Planned | 85 % (n = 118) |
Unplanned | 15 % (n = 21) |
First Consultation | |
Before 12 weeks gestation | 95 % (n = 132) |
After 12 weeks gestation | 5 % (n = 7) |
Gravidity | |
Primigravida | 70 % (n = 96) |
Multigravida | 30 % (n = 42) |
Gestational Age | |
First Trimester | 7 % (n = 9) |
Second Trimester | 22 % (n = 26) |
Third Trimester | 71 % (n = 86) |
Use of alcohol (n = 139) | Use of medication (n = 139) | ||
Never | 26.6 % (n = 37) | Never | 79.1 % (n = 110) |
Not during pregnancy | 52.5 % (n = 73) | Yes, but not in the 12 months prior to the current pregnancy | 16.5 % (n = 23) |
< Once a month during pregnancy | 13.7 % (n = 19) | Yes, in the 12 months prior to the current pregnancy | 2.9 % (n = 4) |
One to three times a month during pregnancy | 5.0 % (n = 7) | During pregnancy | 1.4 % (n = 2) |
One to three times a week during pregnancy | 1.4 % (n = 2) | ||
(Almost) every day during pregnancy | 0.7 % (n = 1) | ||
Smoking (n = 139) | Drug-use (cannabis, amphetamines, ecstasy, cocaine) (n = 139) | ||
Never | 87.1 % (n = 121) | Never | 79.9 % (n = 111) |
Almost never (less than one cigarette a week, but not daily) during pregnancy | 2.2 % (n = 3) | Yes, but not in the 12 months prior to the current pregnancy | 13.7 % (n = 19) |
Now and again (at least one cigarette a week) during pregnancy | 2.9 % (n = 4) | Yes, in the 12 months prior to the current pregnancy | 5.0 % (n = 7) |
Daily during pregnancy | 7.9 % (n = 11) | During pregnancy | 1.4 % (n = 2) |
Physical violence (n = 139) | Emotional violence (n = 139) | Sexual violence (n = 139) | At least one type of violence (physical/emotional/sexual) (n = 139) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No | 94.2 % (n = 131) | 95.7 % (n = 133) | 98.6 % (n = 137) | 92.8 % (n = 129) |
Yes, 12 months before pregnancy | 2.9 % (n = 4) | 0.7 % (n = 1) | 0.7 % (n = 1) | 2.9 % (n = 4) |
Yes, during pregnancy | 2.9 % (n = 4) | 3.6 % (n = 5) | 0.7 % (n = 1) | 4.3 % (n = 6) |
Expectations and satisfaction related to different aspects of antenatal care
Scales & Subscales | Number of items | Score possible interval | Score average (SD) | Score percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|
Expectations (n = 133) | 12 | 12–72 | 38.40 (11.69) | 53.3 % |
Complete Care (n = 136) | 4 | 4–24 | 10.90 (4.64) | 45.4 % |
Provider Continuïty (n = 136) | 2 | 2–12 | 7.03 (3.21) | 58.6 % |
Personalized Care (n = 136) | 4 | 4–24 | 16.18 (5.36) | 67.4 % |
Other Services (n = 138) | 2 | 2–12 | 4.52 (2.41) | 37.7 % |
Satisfaction (n = 117) | 28 | 28–168 | 136.86 (15.70) | 81.5 % |
Information (n = 133) | 6 | 6–36 | 28.33 (4.27) | 78.7 % |
Provider Care (n = 135) | 6 | 6–36 | 31.26 (3.82) | 86.3 % |
Staff Interest (n = 136) | 6 | 6–36 | 30.54 (3.89) | 84.8 % |
System Characteristics (n = 127) | 10 | 10–60 | 46.83 (6.77) | 78.0 % |
Risk factors for low expectations and/or satisfaction with antenatal care
Expectations | Average (SD) | t (Df)-value P-Value |
Educational Level** | ||
No higher Education (n = 40) | 34.07 (14.71) | t (53.94) = −2.442 P 0.018 |
Higher education (n = 93) | 40.26 (9.63) | |
Origin* | ||
Belgian (n = 100) | 39.76 (9.10) | t (38.30) = 1.79 P 0.082 |
Foreign Descent (n = 33) | 24.27 (16.87) | |
Household-income** | ||
Less than 2000 euro (n = 36) | 33.42 (15.99) | t (43.61) = −2.42P 0.020 |
More than 2000 euro (n = 97) | 40.25 (9.06) | |
Marital Status** | ||
Divorced, single (n = 6) | 32.86 (15.75) | t (131) = −3.067 P 0.003 |
Co-habiting, married (n = 113) | 38.71 (11.43) | |
Age** | ||
18–25 years (n = 17) | 31.00 (13.27) | t (19.41) = 2.511 P 0.021 |
26–40 years (n = 116) | 39.48 (11.10) | |
Reporting IPV** | ||
Yes (n = 10) | 31.00 (11.53) | t (131) = 2.108 P 0.037 |
No (n = 123) | 39.00 (11.73) | |
Late initiation PNC | ||
Yes (n = 7) | 37.57 (15.60) | t (131) = 0.192 P = 0.848 |
No (n = 126 ) | 38.44 (11.52) | |
Satisfaction | Average (SD) | t (Df)-value P-value |
Educational Level | ||
No higher Education (n = 40) | 139.75 (17.84) | t (117) = 0.059 P = 0.953 |
Higher education (n = 93) | 135.60 (14.61) | |
Origin | ||
Belgian (n = 100) | 135.96 (14.51) | t (117) = −0.105 P = 0.272 |
Foreign descent (n = 38) | 139.66 (18.94) | |
Household-income | ||
Less than 2000 euro (n = 36) | 139.68 (18.68) | t (47.28) = 1.079 P = 0.286 |
More than 2000 euro (n = 97) | 135.78 (13.37) | |
Marital Status | ||
Divorced, single (n = 6) | 137.67 (21.55) | t (117) = 0.921 P = 0.359 |
Co-habiting, married (n = 113) | 136.81 (15.46) | |
Age | ||
18–25 years (n = 17) | 140.93 (19.60) | t (117) = −1.033 P = 0.304 |
26–40 years (n = 116) | 136.66 (15.14) | |
Reporting IPV | ||
Yes (n = 10) | 132.50 (20.70) | t (117) = 0.696 P = 0.488 |
No (n = 123) | 137.09 (15.48) | |
Late initiation PNC | ||
Yes (n = 7) | 131.50 (21.10) | t (117) = 0.857 P = 0.393 |
No (n = 126 ) | 137.14 (15.43) |
Risk factors (financial distress & IPV & unplanned pregnancy) for inadequate antenatal care
Percentage of financial stress | P-value | Percentage of IPV | P-value | Unplanned pregnancy | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||||
18–25 (n = 17) | 70.6 % (n = 12) | P < 0.001 | 29.4 % (n = 5) | P = 0.003 | 41.2 % (n = 7) | P = 0.001 |
26–40 (n = 122) | 19.7 % (n = 24) | 4.1 % (n = 5) | 11.5 % (n = 14) | |||
Marital Status | ||||||
Married/Cohabiting (n = 131) | 22.9 % (n = 30) | P = 0.004 | 20.9 % (n = 9) | P < 0.001 | 13.0 % (n = 17) | P = 0.018 |
Divorced/Single (n = 8) | 75.0 % (n = 6) | 1.0 % (n = 1) | 50.0 % (n = 4) | |||
Education | ||||||
Without Higher Education (n = 43) | 55.8 % (n = 24) | P < 0.001 | 20.9 % (n = 9) | P < 0.001 | 37.2 % (n = 16) | P < 0.001 |
Higher Education (n = 96) | 12.5 % (n = 12) | 1.0 % (n = 1) | 5.2 % (n = 5) | |||
Origin | ||||||
Foreign Descent (n = 38) | 50 % (n = 19) | P < 0.001 | 10.5 % (n = 4) | P = 0.461 | 36.8 % (n = 14) | P < 0.001 |
Belgian (n = 101) | 16.8 % (n = 17) | 5.9 % (n = 6) | 6.9 % (n = 7) | |||
Income | ||||||
Less than 2000 euro (n = 39) | 66.7 % (n = 26) | P < 0.001 | 15.4 % (n = 6) | P = 0.029 | 38.5 % (n = 15) | P < 0.001 |
More than 2000 euro (n = 100) | 10.0 % (n = 10) | 4.0 % (n = 4) | 6.0 % (n = 6) | |||
Smoking during pregnancy | ||||||
Smoking (n = 18) | 50.0 % (n = 9) | P = 0.020 | 30 % (n = 3) | P = 0.122 | 33.3 % (n = 6) | P = 0.032 |
Not smoking (n = 121) | 22.3 % (n = 27) | 5.8 % (n = 7) | 12.4 % (n = 15) |