Introduction
Objectives
Methods
Operator | Definition |
---|---|
1. Keywords: Population | Adult OR over 18 OR older adult OR young adult |
2. Keywords: Population | Homeless OR homelessness OR homeless person(s) OR rough sleeper OR rough NEAR/3 sleepers (specific to Web of Science) |
3. Keywords: Intervention | Peer support OR peer OR service user OR consumer participation OR social support OR consumer OR peer counselling OR recovery |
4. Keywords: Outcome | Effectiveness OR efficacy OR outcome OR impact OR treatment outcomes |
5. Boolean Operator | 1 AND 2 AND 3 AND 4 |
6. Language Limit | English |
7. Selection | Removal of duplicates followed by PRISMA guidelines of article sifting: title sift, abstract sift, full-text sift, review reference lists and articles citing |
Results
Authors | Design | n | Methods | Tools | Interventions | Age | Sex | Race | Results | Peer support definition | How peer support is used | Peer traits |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bean et al. 2013
USA | Longitudinal | 104 | Surveys at baseline, 6 and 12 month | WHOQOL, arrest data | Housing first and peer support | 56.06 | 72.2% Male | 60% White 20% Black 15% N. American | Sig. change in QOL | NA | Part of housing intervention | Ex-homeless, mental illness, recovery |
Boisvert et al. 2008
USA | Longitudinal | 47 | Interviews, pre/post (baseline and 9 months), and surveys | QOLR, MOS-SSS, VQ | Peer support community program | NA | NA | NA | Sig. change in relapse rates, mental health & functioning, perceived support/affiliation | “global change in lifestyle and identity that occurs in the social learning context …emphasizes beliefs and values essential to recovery” | To develop a socially responsible recovery community–everyone is expected to contribute | Role models who have sustained recovery |
Felton et al. 1995
USA | Longitudinal | 221 | Baseline and 3 six month intervals | RSES, PSMS, BHS, CAARS, ICMES, ISEL, QOL, LPI, CSI | Peer supporters added to intensive case management vs case managers only and case managers + paraprofessionals | 17% <30; 65% 30–50 18% 50+ | 60% Male | 43% Black 42% White 15% Other | Peers equal to case-managers. Sig. outcomes in quality of life, social support, self-image, and community tenure | Make unique contributions that enhance service effectiveness, role modelling, provide empathy, sharing practical info. and coping strategies, and strengthening social supports | In conjunction with case-managers | Ex-consumers, with 8 weeks of training in counselling and self-help |
Fors & Jarvis (1995) USA | Quasi-experimental; non-random | 296 | Survey at pre/post | Developed questionnaire | Peer led/adult led/ and non-intervention group | 15 | NA | NA | Peer-led groups were most effective, especially with younger sample | Mentors, prosocial aspect of life | Mentor, teacher | NA |
Galanter et al. 1998
USA | Longitudinal | 56 | Urinalysis test for drugs of abuse 3 times over 4 months | Urinalysis tests | Peer and professional led group therapy | NA | 60% Male | 58% Black 41% White 32% Hispanic | 69% achieved 3 clean urine tests | NA | Conjunction with professionals (peer led groups etc.) | NA |
Resnick & Rosenheck 2008
USA | Quasi-experimental; non-random | 321 | Two cohorts: one treatment (n = 78) and one control (n = 218). Measured 3 times over 9 months | RAQ, MHCS, MDS, RAS, ADLS, GAF, ASI, BPRS, PTSD -Checklist-S, TLEQ, QOL, Participation | Vet-to-Vet; an addiction treatment delivered by peers compared to standard non-peer treatment | NA | 95% Male | 66% White | Treatment group improved on empowerment, confidence, functioning, and alcohol use | Benefit from interacting with people who have experiences similar life circumstances | In a program; delivering services | NA |
Stewart et al. 2009
Canada | Cross-sectional | 17 | Within subjects | SPS, R-UCLA-LS, DS, PCI, HBS | 4 Support groups/1:1 groups by peers and professionals | 19 | 54% Male | 60% N. American 27% White 13% Other | Sig. decreased loneliness. Qual. Results show increased support and coping | Peers as part of social support network by providing info, modelling, and encouragement | Part of group and 1:1 | Ex-homeless youth |
USA | Cross-sectional | 40 | Clinical interviews, focus groups, training | SCID I, Designed fidelity measure | 10 mentors with 30 mentees for 12 weeks | 50.3 | 62% Male | 40% Black 38% White 22% Hispanic | Alcohol/drug use decreased; No predictive factors of abstinence found (e.g. gender homelessness etc.) | Abstinence based relationship, role model, hope | Direct mentors | In recovery, 6 moths min. sobriety |
Van Vugt et al. 2012
Netherlands | Longitudinal | 10 | With/without consumer providers, fidelity study, baseline and 9 months | Demographic, DSM-IV, HoNOS, CANSAS, WAS, DACTS | Consumer-providers impact on clients over time | 41.6 | 71% Male | NA | Sig. mental state and functioning, un/met needs with personal recovery, and homeless days. Inverse relationship for hospital days (could be attuned to illness/needs) | Consumers as mental health professionals | Direct with clients/as their service workers | NA |
Weissman et al. 2005
USA | Longitudinal | 340 | Peer support delivered 1 h/week with each participant baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months | Log books, aInterviews | Peer supporters providing support on transitions, mentors, socialisation over 12 months | 48 | 100% | 75% Black 13% Hispanic 9% White 3% Other | Participants with peer mentors were more likely to follow-up in treatment and increased socialisation | “by virtue of their street smarts, engagement skills, peer support, positive role modelling, fighting stigma, and education of co-workers” | Peer mentors | Knowledge about recovery, prior group work experience, people skills + inclusion criteria |
Overall Quality of Life
Social Support
Addiction/Drug and Alcohol Use
Physical and Mental Health
Homelessness
Life Skills
Criminality
Employment/Finances
Attendance/Interest
Discussion
Study Quality
Downs and Black (1998) Validity Items Score | Effects size for Main Outcomes | Sample Size | Setting | Duration | Design | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Felton et al. 1995
| 10 | Large | 104 | Inpatient | 24 Months | Longitudinal |
Bean et al. 2013
| 6 | None reported | 47 | Housing apartments | 12 Months | Longitudinal |
Fors and Jarvis 1995
| 6 | Medium to large | 221 | Shelters | 0.5 Months | Quasi-experimental |
Resnick and Rosenheck 2008
| 6 | Medium to large | 296 | VA premises | 9 Months | Quasi-experimental |
Stewart et al. 2009
| 6 | None reported | 56 | Outpatient/drop-in | 5.5 Months | Cross-sectional |
van Vugt et al. 2012
| 6 | None reported | 321 | Outpatient | 9 Months | Cross-sectional |
5 | Medium to large | 40 | Outpatient | 6 Months | Longitudinal | |
Weissman et al. 2005
| 5 | None reported | 17 | Outpatient | 12 Months | Longitudinal |
Boisvert et al. 2008
| 3 | Medium to large | 10 | Inpatient | 9 Months | Longitudinal |
Galanter et al. 1998
| 3 | Small to medium | 340 | Day treatment | 4 Months | Longitudinal |