Background
Methods
Sample
Instruments
Item number | Item | Scale |
---|---|---|
45 | Arguments I get involved in frequently become lasting conflicts | Social Tensions |
46 | I feel that my performance is not recognized enough | Lack of Social Recognition |
54 | I feel overwhelmed by my tasks | Work Overload |
55 | In spite of the effort I make, I am unable to manage my tasks properly | Excessive Demands from Work |
57 | Sometimes I feel overburdened by my responsibilities toward others | Social Overload |
37 | I must meet responsibilities which I am adamantly opposed to | Work Discontent |
25 | Sometimes I am consumed by my worries | Chronic Worrying |
29 | Sometimes I lack the opportunity to articulate my concerns I have no opportunity to discuss things with others | Social Isolation |
40 | There are situations in which I find it difficult to be obliging | Pressure to Perform |
Statistical procedure
Results
Descriptive item analysis
Total sample N = 484 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reliabilities | ||||||||||
Scale | Items | Rangea | Cronbach’s α | Split- halfb | rit range |
M
|
SD
| Skewness | Kurtosis |
W
|
Work Overload | 8 | 0–31 (0–32) | .89 | .86 | .59–.78 | 15.60 | 6.26 | −0.20 | 0.38 | 0.99** |
Social Overload | 6 | 0–24 (0–24) | .87 | .85 | .62–.72 | 8.15 | 5.08 | 0.29 | −0.33 | 0.97*** |
Pressure to Perform | 9 | 0–35 (0–36) | .86 | .84 | .50–.68 | 17.64 | 6.23 | −0.60 | 0.7 | 0.97*** |
Work Discontent | 8 | 0–32 (0–32) | .86 | .85 | .56–.67 | 11.83 | 5.55 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.99*** |
Excessive Demands at Work | 6 | 0–24 (0–24) | .85 | .84 | .52–.74 | 7.88 | 4.50 | 0.36 | −0.12 | 0.98*** |
Lack of Social Recognition | 4 | 0–16 (0–16) | .87 | .87 | .67–.80 | 5.36 | 3.14 | 0.32 | 0.05 | 0.97*** |
Social Tensions | 6 | 0–24 (0–24) | .88 | .86 | .62–.75 | 5.81 | 4.26 | 0.57 | 0.05 | 0.95*** |
Social Isolation | 6 | 0–24 (0–24) | .87 | .86 | .50–.77 | 8.85 | 4.90 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.98*** |
Chronic Worrying | 4 | 0–16 (0–16) | .91 | .91 | .65–.85 | 6.80 | 4.17 | 0.26 | −0.59 | 0.97*** |
Chronic Stress Screening Scale | 12 | 0–46 (0–48) | .92 | .82 | .52–.78 | 19.87 | 9.43 | 0.08 | −0.20 | 0.99*** |
Scale | Work Overload | Social Overload | Pressure to Perform | Work Discontent | Excessive Demands at Work | Lack of Social Recognition | Social Tensions | Social Isolation | Chronic Worrying | Chronic Stress Screening Scale |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work Overload | – | .54 | .66 | .56 | .74 | .58 | .37 | .49 | .63 | .83 |
Social Overload | .61 | – | .60 | .58 | .56 | .61 | .54 | .44 | .47 | .64 |
Pressure to Perform | .74 | .69 | – | .61 | .54 | .54 | .42 | .53 | .55 | .67 |
Work Discontent | .61 | .66 | .68 | – | .7 | .68 | .58 | .67 | .55 | .68 |
Excessive Demands at Work | .84 | .64 | .63 | .81 | – | .72 | .55 | .59 | .65 | .84 |
Lack of Social Recognition | .63 | .70 | .60 | .78 | .82 | – | .59 | .53 | .58 | .76 |
Social Tensions | .40 | .62 | .46 | .67 | .62 | .67 | – | .50 | .38 | .51 |
Social Isolation | .53 | .48 | .58 | .76 | .67 | .57 | .54 | – | .57 | .65 |
Chronic Worrying | .69 | .51 | .60 | .57 | .71 | .60 | .39 | .59 | – | .90 |
Chronic Stress Screening Scale | – |
Reliability estimates
Confirmatory factor analysis
9-factor model | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | W | Factor | Factor loading | Standardized error variances | Factor | Factor loading | Standardized error variances |
Work Overload
| High Demand | ||||||||||
01 | 2.20 | 0.96 | −0.45 | −0.23 | 0,89 | .62 | .62 | .57 | .68 | ||
04 | 1.74 | 1.04 | 0.17 | −0.53 | 0.91 | .62 | .62 | .57 | .68 | ||
17 | 1.33 | 1.06 | 0.45 | −0.50 | 0.89 | .63 | .60 | .61 | .63 | ||
27 | 2.16 | 1.07 | −0.26 | −0.46 | 0.91 | .60 | .64 | .60 | .64 | ||
38 | 1.80 | 1.05 | −0.11 | −0.62 | 0.91 | .77 | .41 | .74 | .45 | ||
44 | 2.18 | 1.05 | −0.26 | −0.35 | 0.91 | .80 | .36 | .69 | .52 | ||
50 | 1.90 | 1.06 | 0.02 | −0.50 | 0.91 | .79 | .38 | .68 | .54 | ||
54 | 2.29 | 1.05 | −0.31 | −0.34 | 0.91 | .83 | .31 | .72 | .48 | ||
Social Overload
| |||||||||||
07 | 1.39 | 1.16 | 0.49 | −0.63 | 0.89 | .66 | .56 | .54 | .71 | ||
19 | 1.57 | 1.10 | 0.27 | −0.66 | 0.91 | .78 | .39 | .68 | .54 | ||
28 | 1.30 | 1.03 | 0.54 | −0.21 | 0.88 | .74 | .45 | .59 | .65 | ||
39 | 1.43 | 1.12 | 0.40 | −0.57 | 0.89 | .77 | .41 | .63 | .60 | ||
49 | 1.23 | 1.11 | 0.58 | −0.46 | 0.87 | .66 | .56 | .53 | .72 | ||
57 | 1.24 | 1.04 | 0.47 | −0.51 | 0.88 | .72 | .48 | .61 | .63 | ||
Pressure to Perform
| |||||||||||
08 | 1.49 | 0.99 | 0.16 | −0.50 | 0.90 | .55 | .70 | .55 | .70 | ||
12 | 1.86 | 1.01 | 0.00 | −0.42 | 0.91 | .60 | .64 | .54 | .71 | ||
14 | 1.54 | 0.97 | 0.14 | −0.51 | 0.90 | .55 | .70 | .55 | .70 | ||
22 | 1.99 | 1.02 | −0.21 | −0.34 | 0.90 | .73 | .47 | .65 | .58 | ||
23 | 2.40 | 0.97 | −0.55 | 0.28 | 0.88 | .59 | .65 | .46 | .79 | ||
30 | 1.68 | 1.00 | 0.00 | −0.50 | 0.90 | .58 | .66 | .52 | .73 | ||
32 | 2.51 | 1.00 | −0.61 | 0.22 | 0.88 | .64 | .59 | .55 | .70 | ||
40 | 2.14 | 1.07 | −0.36 | −0.36 | 0.91 | .75 | .44 | .69 | .52 | ||
43 | 1.49 | 0.99 | 0.16 | −0.50 | 0.90 | .71 | .50 | .66 | .56 | ||
Work Discontent
| Lack of Satisfaction | ||||||||||
05 | 2.02 | 0.98 | −0.19 | −0.25 | 0.90 | .57 | .68 | .50 | .75 | ||
10 | 1.29 | 1.06 | 0.50 | −0.40 | 0.88 | .67 | .55 | .61 | .63 | ||
13 | 2.07 | 0.86 | −0.19 | 0.15 | 0.88 | .60 | .64 | .55 | .70 | ||
21 | 1.23 | 0.92 | 0.43 | −0.08 | 0.87 | .73 | .47 | .66 | .56 | ||
37 | 1.18 | 0.99 | 0.49 | −0.51 | 0.87 | .69 | .52 | .67 | .55 | ||
41 | 1.05 | 0.88 | 0.58 | 0.01 | 0.85 | .69 | .52 | .62 | .62 | ||
48 | 1.38 | 1.01 | 0.35 | −0.36 | 0.89 | .68 | .54 | .62 | .62 | ||
53 | 1.61 | 1.07 | 0.12 | −0.67 | 0.91 | .67 | .55 | .64 | .59 | ||
Excessive Demands at Work
| |||||||||||
03 | 1.46 | 0.96 | 0.35 | −0.18 | 0.89 | .70 | .51 | .62 | .62 | ||
20 | 1.19 | 0.97 | 0.66 | 0.23 | 0.87 | .69 | .52 | .64 | .59 | ||
24 | 0.67 | 0.86 | 1.14 | 0.64 | 0.75 | .57 | .68 | .55 | .70 | ||
35 | 1.36 | 0.91 | 0.21 | −0.31 | 0.88 | .70 | .51 | .67 | .55 | ||
47 | 1.80 | 1.16 | 0.13 | −0.73 | 0.91 | .75 | .44 | .70 | .51 | ||
55 | 1.39 | 1.06 | 0.46 | −0.46 | 0.89 | .80 | .36 | .73 | .47 | ||
Lack of Social Recognition
| |||||||||||
02 | 1.64 | 0.87 | 0.00 | −0.22 | 0.88 | .72 | .48 | .64 | .59 | ||
18 | 1.13 | 0.90 | 0.54 | 0.01 | 0.86 | .80 | .36 | .72 | .48 | ||
31 | 1.26 | 0.92 | 0.40 | −0.12 | 0.88 | .86 | .26 | .72 | .48 | ||
46 | 1.33 | 1.00 | 0.42 | −0.25 | 0.89 | .81 | .34 | .73 | .47 | ||
Social Tensions
| |||||||||||
06 | 1.24 | 0.86 | 0.34 | −0.30 | 0.87 | .73 | .47 | .57 | .68 | ||
15 | 1.06 | 0.89 | 0.50 | −0.31 | 0.86 | .72 | .48 | .54 | .71 | ||
26 | 0.71 | 0.90 | 1.19 | 0.95 | 0.76 | .67 | .55 | .50 | .75 | ||
33 | 1.01 | 0.95 | 0.88 | 0.57 | 0.84 | .72 | .48 | .56 | .69 | ||
45 | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.51 | 0.81 | .82 | .33 | .60 | .64 | ||
52 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.75 | 0.07 | 0.84 | .76 | .42 | .54 | .71 | ||
Social Isolation
| |||||||||||
11 | 1.34 | 1.04 | 0.51 | −0.35 | 0.89 | .74 | .45 | .57 | .68 | ||
29 | 1.39 | 1.00 | 0.41 | −0.25 | 0.89 | .58 | .66 | .62 | .62 | ||
34 | 1.45 | 1.06 | 0.22 | −0.68 | 0.90 | .80 | .36 | .63 | .60 | ||
42 | 1.28 | 1.00 | 0.52 | −0.19 | 0.88 | .83 | .31 | .61 | .63 | ||
51 | 1.68 | 1.03 | 0.07 | −0.47 | 0.91 | .72 | .48 | .55 | .70 | ||
56 | 1.70 | 1.17 | 0.15 | −0.75 | 0.91 | .72 | .48 | .61 | .63 | ||
Chronic Worrying
| |||||||||||
09 | 1.54 | 1.12 | 0.33 | −0.63 | 0.90 | .68 | .54 | .67 | .55 | ||
16 | 1.85 | 1.20 | 0.08 | −0.87 | 0.91 | .89 | .21 | .64 | .59 | ||
25 | 1.69 | 1.18 | 0.22 | −0.78 | 0.91 | .90 | .19 | .66 | .56 | ||
36 | 1.72 | 1.21 | 0.25 | −0.83 | 0.91 | .91 | .17 | .67 | .55 |