Background
Methods
Sample size estimation and selection
Measures
Predisposing factors
Enabling factors
Self-reported health needs factors
Behaviour factors
Outcome measures
Ethical approval and confidentiality
Data analysis
Results
Sample general characteristics, tobacco smoking and khat chewing behaviours
Aspects of oral and general health and health care attendance
Variables | F (%) |
---|---|
Dental attendance
| |
Regular & Occasional dental attendance | 78 (38.2) |
Symptomatic attendance | 90 (44.1) |
Never attend | 36 (17.6) |
Self-reported oral health condition(s)
| |
No | 144 (70.6) |
Yes (One oral health condition or more) | 60 (29.4) |
GP contact or attendance
| |
No | 113 (55.4) |
Yes | 91 (44.6) |
Self-reported health condition(s)
| |
No | 127 (62.3) |
Yes (One health condition or more) | 77 (37.7) |
Self-rated health status
| |
Uncompromised health | 122 (59.8) |
Compromised health | 82 (40.2) |
Bivariate and logistic regression results of factors associated with dental attendance
Explanatory factors | Dental attendance | Medical attendance | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non symptomatic F (%) | Symptomatic F (%) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | Non symptomatic F (%) | Symptomatic F (%) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | ||||||
Marital status
| |||||||||||
Other status | 29 | (76.3) | 9 | (23.7) | 1 | ||||||
Married | 61 | (46.9) | 69 | (53.1) | 3.65 (1.60, 8.30)*** | ||||||
Education level
| |||||||||||
High education | 33 | (58.9) | 23 | (41.1) | 1 | 36 | (64.3) | 20 | (35.7) | 1 | |
Low education | 45 | (40.2) | 67 | (59.8) | 2.14 (1.11,4.10)* | 54 | (48.2) | 58 | (51.8) | 1.93 (0.99, 3.74)* | |
Employment status
| |||||||||||
Employed | 51 | (86.4) | 8 | (13.6) | 1 | ||||||
Unemployed | 39 | (35.8) | 70 | (64.2) | 11.44(4.93, 26.56)*** | ||||||
Reading language
| |||||||||||
English, English & Arabic | 43 | (65.2) | 23 | (34.8) | 1 | ||||||
Arabic & other | 47 | (46.1) | 55 | (53.9) | 2.19 (1.16, 4.14)* | ||||||
Crowding
| |||||||||||
Overcrowded†† | 43 | (42.6) | 58 | (57.4) | 1 | ||||||
Uncrowded† | 46 | (69.7) | 20 | (30.3) | 0.33 (0.17, 0.62)*** | ||||||
Self-rated health
| |||||||||||
Uncompromised | 73 | (74.5) | 25 | (25.5) | 1 | ||||||
Compromised | 17 | (24.3) | 53 | (75.5) | 9.10 (4.47, 18.53)*** | ||||||
Self-reported health condition(s)
| |||||||||||
No | 76 | (75.2) | 25 | (24.8) | 1 | ||||||
Yes | 14 | (20.9) | 53 | (79.1) | 11.51(5.48,24.18)*** | ||||||
Self-reported oral health condition(s)
| |||||||||||
No | 60 | (52.6) | 54 | (47.4) | 1 | ||||||
Yes | 18 | (33.3) | 36 | (66.7) | 2.22 (1.13,4.36)* | ||||||
Composite of khat behaviour
| |||||||||||
Low | 59 | (53.6) | 51 | (46.4) | 1 | 71 | (64.5) | 39 | (35.5) | 1 | |
High | 19 | (32.8) | 39 | (67.2) | 2.38 (1.22,4.61)* | 19 | (32.8) | 39 | (67.2) | 3.73 (1.91, 7.33)*** |
Explanatory factors | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predisposing factors | Predisposing and enabling factors | Predisposing, enabling and self-reported needs factors | ||||
B | OR ( 95%CI) | B | OR ( 95%CI) | B | OR ( 95%CI) | |
Age
| −0.008 | 0.99 (.97, 1.01) | −0.014 | 0.99 (0.97,1.01) | −0.016 | 0.98 (0.96,1.00) |
Education level
| ||||||
High education | 0.682 | 1 | 0.627 | 1 | 0.567 | 1 |
Low education | 1.98 (0.95, 4.11) | 1.87(0.89, 3.96) | 1.76 (0.83, 0.77) | |||
SDS-khat
| 0.141 | 1.15(1.05,1.26)*** | 0.132 | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25)*** | 0.133 | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25)*** |
Social participation
| −0.022 | 0.98 (0.96, 0.99)* | −0.020 | 0.98 (0.96, 0.99)* | ||
Self-reported oral health condition(s)
| ||||||
No | 0.653 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.92 (0.93, 3.99) |
Bivariate and logistic regression results of factors associated with medical attendance
Explanatory factors | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predisposing factors | Predisposing and enabling factors | Predisposing, enabling and self-reported needs factors | |||||
B | OR ( 95%CI) | B | OR ( 95%CI) | B | OR (95%CI) | ||
Age
| 0.041 | 1.04(1.02,1.07)*** | 0.041 | 1.04(1.02,1.07)*** | 0.030 | 1.03 (1.01,1.06)* | |
Marital status
| |||||||
Other status | 0.982 | 1 | 0.963 | 1 | 0.931 | 1 | |
Married | 2.67 (.96, 7.42) | 2.62 (.93, 7.41) | 2.54 (.85,7.58) | ||||
Education level
| |||||||
High education | −0.104 | 1 | −0.096 | 1 | −0.072 | 1 | |
Low education | 0.90 ( 0.42,1.93) | 0.91 ( 0.42, 1.95) | 0.93 (0.415,2.09) | ||||
Reading language
| |||||||
English, English & Arabic | −0.290 | 1 | −0.287 | 1 | −0.284 | 1 | |
Arabic & other | 0.75 ( 0.35, 1.61) | 0.76 (0.35,1.64) | 0.75 ( 0.33, 1.70) | ||||
Crowding
| |||||||
Overcrowded | −0.794 | 1 | −0.798 | 1 | −0.511 | 1 | |
Uncrowded | 0.45 ( 0.21, .98)* | 0.45 (0.21, .98)* | 0.60 ( 0.26,1.37) | ||||
SDS-khat
| 0.162 | 1.18 (1.07,1.29)** | 0.164 | 1.18(1.03,1.39)*** | 0.152 | 1.16 (1.05,1.29)*** | |
Social participation
| 0.002 | 1.00 ( .98,1.02) | 0.008 | 1.01 (.99, 1.03) | |||
Self-reported health condition(s)
| |||||||
No | 1.51 | 1 | |||||
Yes | 4.51 (2.02, 10.08)*** |