Background
Methods
Study design
Study setting
Sample size and sampling procedure
Data collection
Data analysis
Results
Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents
Characteristic | Respondent frequency
n (%) |
---|---|
Age in years | |
21–25 | 7 (8) |
26–30 | 25 (28) |
31–35 | 22 (24) |
36–40 | 13 (14) |
40+ years | 24 (26) |
Gender | |
Male | 65 (71) |
Female | 26 (29) |
Marital statusa
| |
Single | 25 (28) |
Married | 64 (72) |
Highest education level attained | |
Bachelor’s degree | 48 (53) |
Postgraduate degree | 43 (47) |
Mode of learning used on pharmacy degree a
| |
- Lectures (teaching) | 42 (58) |
- Problem-based learning | 31 (42) |
Geographical location of work station a
| |
Kampala/Wakiso/Mukono | 66 (73) |
Rest of Uganda | 24 (27) |
Current geo-economic location of family a
| |
Urban (capital city, other urban council) | 41 (47) |
Rural | 46 (53) |
Geo-economic setting of respondent’s primary school education a
| |
Urban | 20 (23) |
Rural | 67 (77) |
Geo-economic setting of respondent’s secondary school education a
| 24 (28) |
Urban | 63 (72) |
Rural |
Rates of attraction and retention of pharmacists in public hospitals
Variable | Respondent frequency
n (%) |
---|---|
Attraction | |
Had ever applied for a public hospital pharmacist vacancy (N = 72) | 43 (60) |
Had ever accepted appointment as public hospital pharmacist (N = 41) | 32 (78) |
Had ever declined offer of appointment as public hospital pharmacist (N = 46) | 14 (30) |
Retention | |
Had ever accepted offer of appointment as public hospital pharmacist but has since quit the job (N = 32) | 13 (41) |
Factors associated with interest in public hospital pharmacist jobs
Variable | Ever applied for public hospital job | Never applied for public hospital job |
χ
2
|
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
A. Socio-demographic factors | ||||
Age | ||||
≤35 years | 27 | 14 | 1.49 | 0.22 |
>35 years | 16 | 15 | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 32 | 21 | 0.04 | 0.85 |
Female | 11 | 8 | ||
Marital status | ||||
Single | 13 | 7 | 0.39 | 0.53 |
Married | 29 | 22 | ||
Geo-economic location of family | ||||
Urban | 35 | 22 | 0.25 | 0.62 |
Rural | 7 | 6 | ||
Geo-economic location of pharmacist’s childhood | ||||
Urban | 25 | 16 | 0.10 | 0.75 |
Rural | 16 | 12 | ||
B. Economic factors | ||||
Socio-economic status of family during A’Level education | ||||
Low | 23 | 10 | 2.77 | 0.10 |
Middle or high | 18 | 18 | ||
Wages are important in choice between public and private sector careers | ||||
Yes | 37 | 25 | 0.00 | 0.98 |
No | 6 | 4 | ||
A minimum salary of UGX 2,000,000 is needed to accept full time pharmacist job | ||||
Yes | 23 | 19 | 1.76 | 0.18 |
No | 5 | 1 | ||
Pharmacist has additional economic activities besides employment | ||||
Yes | 25 | 19 | 0.15 | 0.70 |
No | 16 | 10 |
Variable | Ever applied for public hospital job | Never applied for public hospital job |
χ
2
|
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Highest education level attained | ||||
Bachelor’s degree | 26 | 14 | 1.04 | 0.31 |
Postgraduate qualification | 17 | 15 | ||
Geo-economic location of secondary education | ||||
Urban | 30 | 23 | 1.75 | 0.19 |
Rural | 12 | 4 | ||
Geo-economic location of primary education | ||||
Urban | 25 | 18 | 0.51 | 0.48 |
Rural | 18 | 9 | ||
Route of admission to pharmacy degree training | ||||
Direct entry (A’Level certificate) | 30 | 24 | 2.37 | 0.12 |
Diploma/mature age entry | 13 | 4 | ||
Prior working experience before starting pharmacy degree | ||||
Yes | 20 | 8 | 2.21 | 0.14 |
No | 22 | 19 | ||
Sector in which respondent worked before starting pharmacy degree | ||||
Public | 9 | 3 | 0.35 | 0.55 |
Private | 13 | 7 | ||
Mode of learning during pharmacy degree | ||||
Lectures (teaching) | 19 | 17 | 0.18 | 0.67 |
Problem-based learning | 14 | 10 | ||
Geo-economic region in which respondent did pharmacist internship | ||||
Kampala City | 8 | 9 | 2.24 | 0.13 |
Rest of the country | 35 | 17 |
Factors associated with rejection of offer of appointment as public hospital pharmacist
Variable | Ever rejected job offer | Never rejected job offer |
χ
2
|
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
A. Socio-demographic factors | ||||
Age | ||||
≤35 years | 9 | 20 | 0.01 | 0.91 |
>35 years | 5 | 12 | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 12 | 22 | 1.45 | 0.23 |
Female | 2 | 10 | ||
Marital status | ||||
Single | 5 | 7 | 1.16 | 0.28 |
Married | 8 | 24 | ||
Geo-economic location of family | ||||
Urban | 12 | 26 | 0.02 | 0.87 |
Rural | 2 | 5 | ||
Geo-economic location of pharmacist’s childhood | ||||
Urban | 8 | 18 | 0.03 | 0.86 |
Rural | 6 | 12 | ||
B. Economic factors | ||||
Socio-economic status of family during A’Level education | ||||
Low | 10 | 15 | 3.04 | 0.08 |
Middle or high | 3 | 16 | ||
Wages are important in choice between public and private sector careers | ||||
Yes | 11 | 28 | 0.60 | 0.44 |
No | 3 | 4 | ||
A minimum salary of UGX 2,000,000 is needed to accept full time pharmacist job | ||||
Yes | 8 | 15 | 0.09 | 0.76 |
No | 2 | 5 | ||
Rejected a public hospital pharmacist job offer due to low pay | ||||
Yes | 1 | 0 | 1.94 | 0.16 |
No | 4 | 9 | ||
Pharmacist has additional economic activities besides employment | ||||
Yes | 7 | 21 | 0.76 | 0.38 |
No | 6 | 10 |
Variable | Ever rejected job offer | Never rejected job offer |
χ
2
|
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Highest education level attained | ||||
Bachelor’s degree | 7 | 18 | 0.15 | 0.70 |
Postgraduate qualification | 7 | 14 | ||
Geo-economic location of secondary education | ||||
Urban | 10 | 23 | 0.04 | 0.85 |
Rural | 4 | 8 | ||
Geo-economic location of primary education | ||||
Urban | 8 | 18 | 0.00 | 0.96 |
Rural | 6 | 14 | ||
Route of admission to pharmacy degree training | ||||
Direct entry (A’Level certificate) | 8 | 23 | 0.96 | 0.33 |
Diploma/mature age entry | 6 | 9 | ||
Prior working experience before starting pharmacy degree | ||||
Yes | 9 | 15 | 0.98 | 0.32 |
No | 5 | 16 | ||
Sector in which respondent worked before starting pharmacy degree | ||||
Public | 2 | 7 | 0.93 | 0.33 |
Private | 7 | 10 | ||
Mode of learning during pharmacy degree | ||||
Lectures (teaching) | 7 | 16 | 0.00 | 0.96 |
Problem-based learning | 5 | 11 | ||
Geo-economic region in which respondent did pharmacist internship | ||||
Kampala City | 3 | 9 | 0.35 | 0.55 |
Rest of the country | 12 | 23 |
Factors associated with retention of pharmacists in public hospital jobs
Variable | Still in public hospital service | Quit public hospital service |
χ
2
|
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
A. Socio-demographic factors | ||||
Age | ||||
≤35 years | 13 | 8 | 0.16 | 0.69 |
>35 years | 6 | 5 | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 13 | 9 | 0.00 | 0.96 |
Female | 6 | 4 | ||
Marital status | ||||
Single | 4 | 4 | 0.20 | 0.66 |
Married | 13 | 9 | ||
Geo-economic location of family | ||||
Urban | 16 | 3 | 0.36 | 0.55 |
Rural | 11 | 1 | ||
Geo-economic location of pharmacist’s childhood | ||||
Urban | 12 | 3 | 1.37 | 1.24 |
Rural | 5 | 1 | ||
B. Economic factors | ||||
Socio-economic status of family during A’Level education | ||||
Low | 8 | 10 | 0.01 | 0.92 |
Middle or high | 6 | 7 | ||
Wages are important in choice between public and private sector careers | ||||
Yes | 17 | 2 | 0.17 | 0.68 |
No | 11 | 2 | ||
A minimum salary of UGX 2,000,000 is needed to accept full time pharmacist job | ||||
Yes | 7 | 1 | 0.09 | 0.76 |
No | 11 | 1 | ||
Quit hospital pharmacist job due to low pay | ||||
Yes | 2 | 4 | 0.39 | 0.53 |
No | 4 | 4 | ||
Pharmacist has additional economic activities besides employment | ||||
Yes | 14 | 4 | 1.30 | 0.25 |
No | 7 | 5 |
Variable | Still in public hospital service | Quit public hospital service |
χ
2
|
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Highest education level attained | ||||
Bachelor’s degree | 13 | 4 | 4.39 | 0.04 |
Postgraduate qualification | 6 | 9 | ||
Geo-economic location of secondary education | ||||
Urban | 14 | 5 | 0.06 | 0.78 |
Rural | 9 | 4 | ||
Geo-economic location of primary education | ||||
Urban | 9 | 9 | 0.04 | 0.83 |
Rural | 6 | 7 | ||
Route of admission to pharmacy degree training | ||||
Direct entry (A’Level certificate) | 11 | 8 | 2.57 | 0.11 |
Diploma/mature age entry | 11 | 2 | ||
Prior working experience before starting pharmacy degree | ||||
Yes | 11 | 7 | 0.68 | 0.41 |
No | 6 | 7 | ||
Sector in which respondent worked before starting pharmacy degree | ||||
Public | 2 | 10 | 2.21 | 0.14 |
Private | 3 | 3 | ||
Mode of learning during pharmacy degree | ||||
Lectures (teaching) | 9 | 8 | 1.10 | 0.30 |
Problem-based learning | 8 | 3 | ||
Geo-economic region in which respondent did pharmacist internship | ||||
Kampala City | 5 | 14 | 0.54 | 0.46 |
Rest of the country | 2 | 11 |