Background
Methods
Study design
Measurements
Statistical analysis
Results
Variable | Frequency (n) | Percent (%) |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 1409 | 48.4 |
Female | 1503 | 51.6 |
Age | ||
60~ 64 | 1232 | 42.3 |
65~ 69 | 722 | 24.8 |
70~ 74 | 568 | 19.5 |
≥ 75 | 390 | 13.4 |
Marital status | ||
Married | 1888 | 64.8 |
Widowed | 920 | 31.6 |
Other | 104 | 3.6 |
Educational background | ||
No formal education | 552 | 19.0 |
Elementary school | 1596 | 54.8 |
Junior high school or higher | 764 | 26.2 |
Religion | ||
Moslem | 1543 | 87.3 |
Others | 369 | 12.7 |
Economic status | ||
1st [lowest] | 729 | 25.0 |
2nd | 727 | 25.0 |
3rd | 728 | 25.0 |
4th [highest] | 728 | 25.0 |
With Insurance | ||
No | 1547 | 53.1 |
Yes | 1365 | 46.9 |
Residency | ||
Urban | 1582 | 54.3 |
Rural | 1330 | 45.7 |
Main language | ||
Indonesian | 465 | 16.0 |
Javanese | 1120 | 38,5 |
Other | 1327 | 45,6 |
Region | ||
Java | 1756 | 60.3 |
Sumatera | 567 | 19.5 |
Kalimantan | 124 | 4.3 |
Sulawesi | 133 | 4.6 |
Bali | 137 | 4.7 |
West Nusa Tenggara | 195 | 6.7 |
Self-rated health | ||
Very healthy | 364 | 12.5 |
Somewhat healthy | 1471 | 50.5 |
Somewhat unhealthy | 997 | 34.2 |
Unhealthy | 80 | 2.7 |
Number of chronic conditions | ||
None | 1783 | 61.2 |
1 | 633 | 21.7 |
2 or more | 496 | 17.0 |
Depression | ||
No | 2186 | 75.1 |
Yes | 726 | 24.9 |
Difficulty with activities of daily living | ||
No | 2494 | 85.6 |
Yes | 418 | 14.4 |
Ever fallen down before | ||
No | 2556 | 87.8 |
Yes | 356 | 12.2 |
Hospitalized in the past year | ||
No | 2758 | 94.7 |
Yes | 154 | 5.3 |
Visited health workers or doctors in the past 4 weeks | ||
No | 2250 | 77.3 |
Yes | 662 | 22.7 |
Variables | Participants using outpatient services | Participants not using outpatient services | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | |
Sex** | ||||
Male | 291 | 20.7 | 1118 | 79.3 |
Female | 371 | 24.7 | 1132 | 75.3 |
Age | ||||
60~ 64 | 273 | 22.2 | 959 | 77.8 |
65~ 69 | 170 | 23.5 | 552 | 76.5 |
70~ 74 | 128 | 22.5 | 440 | 77.5 |
≥ 75 | 91 | 23.3 | 299 | 76.7 |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 429 | 22.7 | 1459 | 77.3 |
Widowed | 216 | 23.5 | 704 | 76.5 |
Other | 17 | 16.3 | 87 | 83.7 |
Educational background*** | ||||
No formal education | 120 | 21.7 | 432 | 78.3 |
Elementary school | 326 | 20.4 | 1270 | 79.6 |
Junior high school or higher | 216 | 28.3 | 548 | 71.7 |
Religion** | ||||
Moslem | 555 | 21.8 | 1988 | 78.2 |
Others | 107 | 29.0 | 262 | 71.0 |
Economic status *** | ||||
1st [lowest] | 127 | 17.4 | 602 | 82.6 |
2nd | 167 | 23.0 | 560 | 77.0 |
3rd | 166 | 22.8 | 562 | 77.2 |
4th [highest] | 202 | 27.7 | 526 | 72.3 |
With Insurance*** | ||||
No | 288 | 18.6 | 1259 | 81.4 |
Yes | 374 | 27.4 | 991 | 72.6 |
Residency*** | ||||
Urban | 397 | 25.1 | 1185 | 74.9 |
Rural | 265 | 19.9 | 1065 | 80.1 |
Main language*** | ||||
Indonesian | 129 | 27.7 | 336 | 72.3 |
Javanese | 220 | 19.6 | 900 | 80.4 |
Other | 313 | 23.6 | 1014 | 76.4 |
Region** | ||||
Java | 396 | 22.6 | 1360 | 77.4 |
Sumatera | 122 | 21.5 | 445 | 78.5 |
Kalimantan | 24 | 19.4 | 100 | 80.6 |
Sulawesi | 30 | 22.6 | 103 | 77.4 |
Bali | 51 | 37.2 | 86 | 62.8 |
West Nusa Tenggara | 39 | 20.0 | 156 | 80.0 |
Self-rated health*** | ||||
Very healthy | 51 | 14.0 | 313 | 86.0 |
Somewhat healthy | 261 | 17.7 | 1210 | 82.3 |
Somewhat unhealthy | 322 | 32.3 | 675 | 67.7 |
Unhealthy | 28 | 35.0 | 52 | 65.0 |
Number of chronic conditions*** | ||||
None | 268 | 15.0 | 1515 | 85.0 |
1 | 183 | 28.9 | 450 | 71.1 |
2 or more | 211 | 42.5 | 285 | 57.5 |
Depression*** | ||||
No | 461 | 21.1 | 1725 | 78.9 |
Yes | 201 | 27.7 | 525 | 72.3 |
Difficulty with activities of daily living *** | ||||
No | 537 | 21.5 | 1957 | 78.5 |
Yes | 125 | 29.9 | 293 | 70.1 |
Ever fallen down before** | ||||
No | 560 | 21.9 | 1996 | 78.1 |
Yes | 102 | 28.7 | 254 | 71.3 |
Hospitalized in the past year*** | ||||
No | 607 | 22.0 | 2151 | 78.0 |
Yes | 55 | 35.7 | 99 | 64.3 |
Variable | Odds ratio | 95% Confidence interval |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 1.00 | – |
Female | 1.19 | 0.96–1.48 |
Age | ||
60~ 64 | 1.00 | – |
65~ 69 | 1.09 | 0.86–1.37 |
70~ 74 | 1.02 | 0.79–1.32 |
≥ 75 | 1.19 | 0.88–1.61 |
Marital status | ||
Married | 1.00 | – |
Widowed | 0.96 | 0.76–1.20 |
Other | 0.65 | 0.37–1.14 |
Educational background | ||
No formal education | 1.00 | – |
Elementary school | 0.80 | 0.76–1.20 |
Junior high school or higher | 0.99 | 0.71–1.39 |
Religion | ||
Moslem | 1.00 | – |
Others | 1.01 | 0.73–1.39 |
Economic status | ||
1st [lowest] | 1.00 | – |
2nd | 1.36* | 1.03–1.78 |
3rd | 1.32* | 1.00–1.74 |
4th [highest] | 1.36* | 1.02–1.81 |
With Insurance | ||
No | 1.00 | – |
Yes | 1.38** | 1.14–1.67 |
Residency | ||
Urban | 1.00 | – |
Rural | 1.01 | 0.82–1.24 |
Main language | ||
Indonesian | 1.00 | – |
Javanese | 0.92 | 0.69–1.22 |
Other | 0.99 | 0.74–1.33 |
Region | ||
Java | 1.00 | – |
Sumatera | 0.85 | 0.65–1.11 |
Kalimantan | 0.82 | 0.50–1.35 |
Sulawesi | 0.82 | 0.51–1.33 |
Bali | 1.82* | 1.10–3.01 |
West Nusa Tenggara | 0.85 | 0.56–1.30 |
Self-rated health | ||
Very healthy | 1.00 | – |
Somewhat healthy | 1.13 | 0.81–1.57 |
Somewhat unhealthy | 2.10*** | 1.49–2.95 |
Very unhealthy | 2.22** | 1.24–3.96 |
Number of chronic conditions | ||
None | 1.00 | – |
1 | 1.87*** | 1.49–2.35 |
2 or more | 3.01*** | 2.36–3.85 |
Depression | ||
No | 1.00 | – |
Yes | 1.13 | 0.91–1.40 |
Difficulty with activities of daily living | ||
No | 1.00 | – |
Yes | 1.24 | 0.96–1.60 |
Ever fallen down before | ||
No | 1.00 | – |
Yes | 1.11 | 0.85–1.46 |
Hospitalized in the past year | ||
No | 1.00 | – |
Yes | 1.24 | 0.86–1.79 |