Background
Central feature (essential for a diagnosis of possible or probable DLB) • Dementia defined as progressive cognitive decline of sufficient magnitude to interfere with normal social or occupational function • Prominent or persistent memory impairment may not necessarily occur in the early stages but is usually evident with progression • Deficits on tests of attention, executive function and visuospatial ability may be especially prominent Core features (2 core features or 1 core feature with 1 or more indicative biomarkers for a diagnosis of probable DLB; 1 core feature for possible DLB) • Fluctuating cognition with pronounced variation in attention and alertness. • Recurrent visual hallucinations that are typically well formed and detailed • REM sleep behavior disorder, which may precede cognitive decline • Spontaneous features of parkinsonism Supportive features • Severe neuroleptic sensitivity • Postural instability • Severe autonomic dysfunction • Hallucinations in other modalities, delusions, apathy, anxiety, and depression Indicative biomarkers (if 1 or more indicative biomarkers is present but there is no core clinical features, possible DLB can be made) • Reduced dopamine transporter uptake in basal ganglia demonstrated by SPECT or PET • Abnormal (low uptake) iodine123 - metaiodobenzyguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy • Polysomnographic confirmation of REM sleep without atonia Supportive biomarkers • Relative preservation of medial temporal lobe structures on CT/MRI scan • Generalized low uptake on SPECT/PET perfusion/metabolism scan with reduced occipital activity +/− the cingulated island sign on FDG-PET imaging • Prominent posterior slow wave activity on EEG with periodic fluctuations in the pre-alpha/theta range From McKeith IG, Boeve BF, Dickson DW et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology. 2017; 89(1): 88–100. |
Case presentation
Measurements applied | Score |
---|---|
• MMSE | 20/30 |
- Orientation | 7/10 |
- Immediate recall | 3/3 |
- Attention | 2/5 |
- Delayed recall | 2/3 |
- Language | 6/8 |
- Construction | 0/1 |
• GDS | 3/20 |
• CLOX | |
- CLOX 1 | 5/15 |
- CLOX 2 | 5/15 |