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Erschienen in: Der Gynäkologe 9/2014

01.09.2014 | Leitthema

Fetale Programmierung

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Dr. F. Louwen

Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie | Ausgabe 9/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (Insulinresistenz; Typ2-DM) nehmen in den industrialisierten Ländern signifikant zu. Betroffen sind auch Kinder unter 12 Jahren. Eine Entstehung des Typ2-DM bei Kindern allein aufgrund einer hyperkalorischen Ernährung ist nicht anzunehmen.

Ergebnisse

Studien zeigen eine strenge Korrelation zwischen mütterlicher Adipositas, Ernährung in der Schwangerschaft, mütterlichem Typ2-DM und Nikotinabusus mit einer signifikanten Risikoerhöhung für das ungeborene Kind. Die Risiken betreffen nicht nur intrauterine und schwangerschaftsbezogene Komplikationen, sondern insbesondere auch eine signifikante Risikoerhöhung, früh selbst an Adipositas und Typ2-DM zu erkranken. Von einer intrauterinen Prägung des Feten („fetal programming“) wird ausgegangen.

Diskussion

Die Hypothese von David Barker, dass adulte Erkrankungen ihre Ursache in der fetalen Periode insbesondere auch durch Umwelt und Ernährung der Mutter haben, hat sich für Adipositas, Insulinresistenz und Hypertension epidemiologisch bestätigt. Neue Studien belegen einen Einfluss des Geburtsmodus auf kindliche Erkrankungen wie Asthma, Diabetes mellitus Typ1, onkologische Erkrankungen und auf die Epigenetik neonataler Stammzellen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Fetale Programmierung
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Dr. F. Louwen
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Gynäkologie / Ausgabe 9/2014
Print ISSN: 2731-7102
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7110
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-014-3402-4

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