Background
Plant species | References | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Plants for infusions [9] | Plants in herbal medicinal products [9] | Plants and plant preparations [10] | Plants for abdominal pain, headache, diarrhea, and fever [11] | |
Achillea millefolium
| X | X | X | X |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
| X | |||
Arnica montana
| X | |||
Calendula officinalis
| X | |||
Centaurium minus
| X | |||
Echinacea purpurea
| X | |||
Hypericum perforatum
| X | X | X | |
Matricaria chamomilla
| X | X | X | |
Mentha piperita
| X | X | X | |
Rosa canina
| X | |||
Salvia officinalis
| X | X | X | X |
Sambucus nigra
| X | X | X | X |
Tilia platyphyllos
| X | X | X | X |
Urtica dioica
| X | X | X | |
Vaccinium myrtillus
| X | |||
Valeriana officinalis
| X |
Methods
Research area
Data collection
Average age (years) | Age (years) | Sex | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
33–49 | 50–69 | 70–89 | Male | Female | ||
Karst | 61 | 4 | 15 | 6 | 6 | 19 |
Gorjanci | 69 | 5 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 24 |
Interviews and statistical analysis
-
Which part of the plant do you use?
-
How do you prepare it?
-
What is it good for?
-
Who would you recommend it to?
-
“Where did you get your knowledge about plants?” and “Did anybody show or tell you something about plants?”
Plant material
Results and discussion
General data on the plants reported in Karst and Gorjanci
No. of informants in Karst | No. of informants in Gorjanci | Botanical taxon and family | Slovenian name | Status | Part(s) used | Preparation and administration | Recorded uses in Karst | Recorded uses in Gorjanci |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14 | 20 |
Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) | Rman | W | Flower | Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of stomach and digestive problems, menstrual cramps and gynecological problems | MED: treatment of stomach and digestive problems, menstrual cramps, women’s problems; to cleanse the body and kidneys; diuretic; treatment of cold NUT |
Fresh flowers are wrapped around the hand | × | MED: to heal sore hands | ||||||
Browned flour soup with yarrow flowers (soup made by roasting and browning flour, roasting yarrow flowers and adding water and two eggs) | × | MED: treatment of intestinal problems | ||||||
Egg omelet with yarrow flowers | MED: treatment of digestive problems | × | ||||||
Ointment made with lard | MED: treatment of hemorrhoids | × | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | × | NUT/MED | ||||||
3 | 2 |
Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastanaceae) | Divji kostanj | C | Fruit | Maceration in schnapps, topical application | MED: treatment of varicose veins | MED: treatment of spinal inflammation |
Chestnuts are placed in a bag, and the bag is rubbed on the feet | MED: treatment of pain in the legs | MED: to promote better blood circulation in legs | ||||||
Flower | Maceration in schnapps, topical application | MED: treatment of varicose veins | × | |||||
Herbal liqueur | × | NUT/MED | ||||||
2 | 2 |
Allium cepa L. (Alliaceae) | Čebula | C | Bulb | Fried pieces of onion are placed on the skin | × | MED: to heal furuncles and abscesses |
Onions and honey, oral application | MED: treatment of bronchitis and sore throat | × | ||||||
1 | 1 |
Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae) | Česen | C | Clove | Necklace made of garlic cloves is worn around the neck | × | MED: anthelmintic |
Tincture | Unknown use | × | ||||||
2 | 4 |
Allium ursinum L. (Alliaceae) | Čemaž | W | Leaf | Salad, spread made with olive oil | NUT | NUT: good for cleansing, purifier of vessels, to decrease blood pressure (the informants did not eat A. ursinum for medicinal purposes) |
Maceration in schnapps | × | NUT: good for everything | ||||||
5 | 0 |
Aloysia citrodora Palau (Verbenaceae) | Leviš, citronka | C | Leaf | Infusion | NUT | × |
Maceration in schnapps with sugar | NUT | × | ||||||
6 | 2 |
Althaea officinalis L. (Malvaceae) | Slez, ajbiš | C | Leaf | Infusion, oral application | × | MED: treatment of cough, good for the respiratory system |
Fresh leaf is placed on a wound | MED: to heal wounds | × | ||||||
Scalded leaves are placed on damaged skin (skin punctured with a nail or thorn that becomes infected, called “pasjica” in Karst) | MED: to heal wounds, to pull pus out of the wound | × | ||||||
Leaves cooked in milk, oral application | MED: treatment of sore throat | × | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
4 | 2 |
Anthyllis vulneraria L. (Fabaceae) | Ranjak | W | Flower | Infusion, topical application | × | MED: to rinse and heal wounds |
Infusion, oral application | NUT | × | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | × | NUT/MED | ||||||
1 | 0 |
Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Schreb. (Brassicaceae) | Hren | W/C | Root | Grated root eaten with other Easter dishes | NUT | × |
6 | 12 |
Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae) | Arnika | W | Flower | Maceration in olive oil, topical application | MED: to heal wounds, burns, scabs and contusions | MED: to massage painful areas, rheumatism |
Maceration in schnapps, topical application | MED: to massage painful areas (knees) | MED: to disinfect wounds, to heal wounds, treatment of inflamed wounds, rashes, burns and stings | ||||||
Maceration in schnapps, oral application | × | MED: to heal stomach problems | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
7 | 6 |
Artemisia
(Artemisia vulgaris L., Artemisia absinthium L.) (Asteraceae) | Pelin | W/C | Aerial parts (of young plants) and leaves | Wormwood is placed in wine for a short time, for drinking (usually with fatty food) | × | MED: to promote appetite and digestion, good for the stomach NUT: a drink with fatty foods, invigoration in spring |
Infusion, oral application | × | MED: treatment of stomach and digestive problems | ||||||
Infusion for spraying vines | OTHER: to prevent or treat vine diseases | |||||||
Maceration in schnapps, oral application | MED: treatment of digestive problems, good for the stomach | MED: treatment of stomach problems | ||||||
Wormwood is placed in water for a short time for drinking | NUT: to quench thirst | × | ||||||
Whole plant | VET: at the loss of appetite | × | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
6 | 0 |
Asparagus spp. (Asparagus acutifolius L., Asparagus tenuifolius Lam.) (Asparagaceae) | Šparglji | W | Young shoots | Prepared in different dishes (egg omelet, soup, minestrone soup) | NUT: blood cleansing, diuretic, believed to be good for the kidneys (the informants did not eat asparagus for medicinal purposes) | × |
1 | 4 |
Bellis perennis L. (Asteraceae) | Marjetica | W | Flower | Infusion, oral application | MED: good for ill children | MED: treatment of cold and cough |
Infusion for bath | × | COS: for legs | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
0 | 3 |
Berberis vulgaris L. (Berberidaceae) | Češmin, češminc | W/C | Fruit | Infusion, oral application | × | MED: antipyretic |
0 | 2 |
Beta vulgaris var. conditiva L. (Chenopodiaceae) | Rdeča pesa | C | Root | Juice, oral application | × | MED: antipyretic |
1 | 10 |
Betula pendula Roth (Betulaceae) | Breza | W | Leaf | Infusion, oral application | × | MED: to heal bladder and kidney inflammation, diuretic, to cleanse blood and body, antidiabetic |
Infusion for bath | × | MED: to prevent sweaty feet | ||||||
Leaves are wrapped around the legs | × | MED: treatment of leg pain | ||||||
Maceration in vinegar, topical application | COS: good for the scalp | × | ||||||
1 | 1 |
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (Brassicaceae) | Glavnato zelje, zelje | C | Leaf | Fresh leaves are wrapped around the knee or placed on the back | MED: treatment of back pain | MED: to pull the water out of the knee |
9 | 12 |
Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) | Ognjič | C | Flower | Infusion, oral application | MED: good for intestinal problems, against diarrhea NUT | MED: treatment of stomach pain NUT |
Ointment made with lard or fat from the abdomen of a chicken, topical application | MED: to heal burns, contusions, wounds and eczema COS: treatment of dry skin on soles and hands | MED: to heal sunburns, wounds, bruising, and eczema; to massage painful areas (knees, shoulders, joints) COS: treatment of dry skin and hard skin on the heels | ||||||
Maceration in oil, topical application | × | MED: to heal burns | ||||||
Maceration in schnapps, topical application | × | MED: to heal wounds | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | × | NUT/MED | ||||||
Dried flowers, spice | × | NUT: spice | ||||||
0 | 2 |
Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) | Konoplja | C | Aerial parts | Preparation was not reported | × | VET: animal feed for pigs |
Fabric | × | OTHER: fabric for sheets, healthier than cotton | ||||||
3 | 7 |
Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae) | Kimelj, kumina | W/C | Fruit | Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of abdominal cramps and stomach problems, carminative, antiflatulent NUT | MED: treatment of digestive problems, treatment of stomach problems, carminative and antiflatulent, antidiarrheal, protects intestines and stomach NUT |
Spice | × | NUT: spice for sausages, bread and the common local pastry “belokranjska pogača” | ||||||
1 | 4 |
Castanea sativa Mill. (Fagaceae) | Kostanj | W | Fruit | Cooked or roasted | NUT | NUT |
Flower | Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | |||||
11 | 15 |
Centaurium spp. (Centaurium erythraea Rafn, Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce) (Gentianaceae) | Tavžentroža | W | Flowers or aerial parts | Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of stomach problems, digestive problems, menstrual cramps, menstrual problems, anemia | MED: treatment of stomachache, stomach problems, digestive problems, menstrual problems, cold, flu, antipyretic, to calm nerves, to counteract tiredness, to heal wounds on the gum |
Maceration in schnapps, oral application | MED: treatment of digestive problems, loss of appetite, anemia VET: to heal digestive problems | MED: treatment of stomach problems and stomachache | ||||||
Grass with centaury, animal feed | VET: animal is healthier if it feeds on grass containing centaury | × | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
2 | 2 |
Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) | Krvavi mlečnik | W | Latex | Latex, topical application | MED: treatment of warts | MED: treatment of warts |
8 | 2 |
Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae) | Dren | W | Fruit | Maceration in schnapps, oral application | NUT | MED: treatment of abdominal cramps NUT |
Jam | NUT | NUT | ||||||
Infusion | NUT | NUT | ||||||
Syrup | NUT | × | ||||||
Raw fruits | NUT | × | ||||||
Flower | Infusion | NUT | × | |||||
13 | 6 |
Crataegus spp. (Rosaceae) | Glog | W | Flower and leaf | Infusion, oral application | MED: good for the heart, good for the prevention of epilepsy, good for nerves NUT | MED: good for the heart NUT |
Fruit | Infusion | NUT | NUT | |||||
Raw fruits | NUT | × | ||||||
2 | 1 |
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae) | Ameriški slamnik | C | Flower | Maceration in schnapps, oral application | × | MED: immunostimulant |
Root | Maceration in schnapps, oral application | MED: immunostimulant | × | |||||
2 | 10 |
Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae) | Preslica | W | Aerial parts | Infusion, oral application | MED: to cleanse the kidneys and lungs | MED: diuretic, to cleanse kidneys, blood and body, treatment of urinary tract inflammation |
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
2 | 0 |
Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) | Figa | C | Fruit | Jam | NUT | × |
Latex | Latex, topical application | MED: treatment of warts | × | |||||
13 | 0 |
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae) | Koromač (in Karst) | W/C | Flower | Dried crushed flowers, spice (known as “golden dust” in Karst) | NUT: spice for fried livers, fried eggs and browned flower soup | × |
Aerial parts of young plants | Egg omelet with young aerial parts of fennel | NUT | × | |||||
Fruit | Infusion | MED: to heal abdominal cramps, counteracts flatulence, infusion for children | × | |||||
5 | 13 |
Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae) | Divja jagoda, gozdna jagoda | W | Fruit | Raw berries | NUT | NUT |
Leaf | Infusion | NUT | NUT | |||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
0 | 3 |
Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. (Rubiaceae) | Dišeča perla | W | Aerial parts of flowering plant | Infusion | × | NUT |
Herbal liqueur | × | NUT/MED | ||||||
3 | 1 |
Gentiana lutea L. (Gentianaceae) | Košutnik, encijan, lecijan | W | Root | Maceration in schnapps, oral application | MED: to heal stomach problems NUT | MED: good for the stomach |
Infusion, oral application | VET: to heal intestinal problems (livestock) | × | ||||||
1 | 0 |
Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae) | Bršljan | W | Leaf and fruit | Maceration in schnapps, topical application | MED: treatment of contusions | × |
11 | 16 |
Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) | Šentjanževka, šentjanževe rože | W | Flower | Maceration in oil, topical application | MED: to heal wounds, contusions, burns and sunburn; to massage painful areas (arthritis); treatment of varicose veins, treatment of back pain COS: to promote tanning of the skin in the sun | MED: to heal wounds, scabs, burns and sunburn; treatment of varicose veins; to massage painful areas and inflamed joints (rheumatism) VET: to heal indigestion in hens (when they eat too much sand) |
Maceration in schnapps, topical application | MED: treatment of varicose veins | MED: to massage painful areas and joints (rheumatism), to heal wounds and contusions | ||||||
Infusion, oral application | Indication was not recorded, although the infusion is used | MED: treatment of menstrual and stomach problems, calmative, counteracts depression | ||||||
Infusion for bath | × | MED: treatment of tired legs | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | × | NUT/MED | ||||||
Aerial parts | Maceration in schnapps, topical application | × | MED: to disinfect cuts and wounds | |||||
2 | 0 |
Inula hirta L. (Asteraceae) | Astramontana, strupenica, srkodlakavi oman | W | Flower | Infusion, topical application | MED: to heal wounds, especially poisoned wounds VET: to heal snake bites (dog) | × |
Maceration in schnapps, topical application | MED: to heal wounds, especially poisoned wounds VET: to heal snake bites (dog) | × | ||||||
Maceration in schnapps, oral application | MED: good for the stomach | × | ||||||
2 | 8 |
Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) | Oreh | C | Unripe fruit | Maceration in schnapps | NUT | MED: treatment of digestive disorders and stomachache; counteracts diarrhea VET: to heal intestinal problems (livestock) NUT |
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
Leaf | Water extract made by cooking leaves in water, topical application | × | VET: to protect animals from horseflies/horsefly repellent (steer/bullock) | |||||
12 | 9 |
Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae) | Brin | W | Fruit | Alcoholic distillate from fermented juniper berries, oral application | MED: treatment of digestive problems, stomachache, stomach problems and cramps, to promote better digestion NUT | MED: treatment of menstrual and women’s problems, stomach problems and stomachache, treatment of digestive problems NUT: aperitif, drink in the morning |
Alcoholic distillate from fermented juniper berries topical application | × | MED: treatment of swollen legs | ||||||
Essential oil from fermented juniper berries, topical application | MED: to massage painful areas and joints (arthritis and rheumatism), to promote better blood circulation (rubefacient), treatment of cramps and colic in babies and children, to heal wounds, to heal dog bites | MED: treatment of intestinal problems | ||||||
Essential oil from fermented juniper berries, topical application around the navel, on the temples, under the nose, on the head, used for children | MED: anthelmintic | MED: anthelmintic | ||||||
Essential oil from fermented juniper berries, a small amount is placed on sugar and eaten | MED: treatment of stomachache and digestive problems | MED: antipyretic | ||||||
Dried berries, spice | NUT: good for the stomach, sauerkraut, jota (soup) | NUT: to promote better digestion | ||||||
Maceration in schnapps, oral application | MED: treatment of stomach problems NUT | × | ||||||
Infusion, oral application | × | MED: good for the internal organs | ||||||
Bread with essential oil from fermented juniper berries, oral application | × | VET: treatment of intestinal problems (steer/bullock) | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
Twig | Infusion, oral application | × | MED: treatment of digestive problems | |||||
Syrup | × | MED: treatment of sore throat | ||||||
9 | 2 |
Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) | Lovor | C | Leaf | Spice | NUT: spice for sauerkraut and beans, used in dishes to prevent flatulence | NUT |
Syrup, oral application | MED: treatment of cough, antiflatulent | × | ||||||
7 | 2 |
Lavandula spp. (Lamiaceae) | Sivka | C | Flower | Dried flowers placed in sachets | OTHER: household moth repellent | OTHER: household moth repellent |
Infusion, oral application | MED: to calm the nerves | × | ||||||
Home distillation of essential oil and hydrosol | COS: good for the skin, to cleanse the skin | × | ||||||
Spice | NUT: spice for biscuits | × | ||||||
4 | 1 |
Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae) | Luštrek | C | Leaf | Maceration in schnapps, oral application | MED: good for the stomach NUT | × |
Spice | NUT | × | ||||||
Infusion, oral application | × | MED: diuretic | ||||||
0 | 3 |
Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae) | Lan | C | Seed | Linseed is placed in the eye | × | MED: treatment of eye infection, if something falls in the eye |
Aerial parts | Fabric | × | OTHER: fabric for sheets, clothes | |||||
0 | 1 |
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. (Rosaceae) | Lesnika | W | Fruit | Vinegar | × | NUT |
16 | 19 |
Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) | Kamilica | W/C | Flower | Infusion, oral application | MED: digestion, flatulence, abdominal cramps, to calm the stomach, to calm the nerves, to heal sore throat, for women’s problems | MED: treatment of abdominal and menstrual cramps; for digestive, stomach and women’s problems; to counteract nausea, to enable vomiting, to calm the stomach, treatment of cold, flu and cough, to calm babies, infusion for women giving birth NUT |
Infusion, topical application | MED: to rinse sore eyes, to cleanse wounds | MED: to rinse sore eyes | ||||||
Infusion with schnapps, oral application | × | MED: to heal abdominal cramps | ||||||
Infusion for inhalation | × | MED: to heal sore throat and bronchitis | ||||||
Infusion for bath | COS: to cleanse skin | × | ||||||
Decoction, oral application | × | MED: against diarrhea | ||||||
Warm chamomile flowers are wrapped in gauze and placed on the chest or eyes | × | MED: to heal bronchitis, to heal cold with respiratory or breathing problems, to heal sore throat and sore eyes | ||||||
Maceration in olive oil, topical application | COS: ointment for skin | × | ||||||
Ointment made with lard: flowers are fried in lard and drained; topical application | COS: ointment for skin | × | ||||||
Fried egg sprinkled with chamomile flowers, oral application | × | MED: treatment of abdominal and menstrual cramps | ||||||
Browned flour soup sprinkled with chamomile flowers (as spice) | × | NUT | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | × | ||||||
Aerial parts | Infusion, oral application | × | VET: to heal problems of cows after calving and to heal digestive problems | |||||
18 | 7 |
Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) | Melisa, srčno zelje, štrukljevo perje | C | Leaf | Infusion, oral application | MED: to calm the nerves NUT | MED: to calm the nerves, used before bedtime for better sleep, treatment of stomach problems NUT |
Syrup | NUT | NUT | ||||||
Egg omelet with lemon balm leaves, oral application | NUT | MED: treatment of ascites | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
18 | 8 |
Mentha spp. (Lamiaceae) | Meta | W/C | Leaf | Infusion, oral application | MED: to calm the nerves, treatment of cold NUT | MED: to calm the nerves, before bedtime for better sleep, treatment of stomach problems, digestive problems, cholagogue NUT |
Syrup | NUT | NUT | ||||||
Spice | NUT: spice for meat | × | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
2 | 0 |
Morus spp. (Morus alba L.,
Morus nigra L.) (Moraceae) | Murva | C | Fruit | Fresh fruits | NUT | × |
3 | 1 |
Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) | Bazilika | C | Leaf | Spice | NUT | × |
Infusion | NUT | × | ||||||
1 | 0 |
Olea europea L. (Oleaceae) | Oljka | C | Leaf | Infusion | MED: to lower blood pressure | × |
8 | 2 |
Origanum majorana L. (Lamiaceae) | Majaron | C | Aerial parts | Infusion, oral application | NUT | MED: calmative, for better sleeping |
Spice | NUT | NUT | ||||||
1 | 4 |
Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) | Dobra misel | W | Aerial parts | Infusion, oral application | MED: calmative NUT | NUT: children learn better at school |
0 | 2 |
Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) | Fižol | C | Pericarp | Infusion, oral application | × | MED: antidiabetic, antihypertensive |
6 | 10 |
Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (Pinaceae) | Smreka, smrečje | W/C | Tips | Spruce tip syrup made with sugar or honey, oral application | MED: treatment of cough, sore throat, bronchitis, and cold, to increase the body’s resistance | MED: treatment of cough, cold, bronchitis and sore throat |
Infusion, oral application | Indication was not recorded, although the infusion is used | MED: treatment of cough, good for lungs | ||||||
Resin | Pounded resin is wrapped in fabric, topical application | × | MED: treatment of wounds, abscesses and furuncles (the resin pulls the pus out from the inflamed skin), treatment of sore nipples while breastfeeding | |||||
3 | 5 |
Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae) | Janež | C | Fruit | Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of abdominal cramps, antiflatulent, carminative | MED: treatment of digestive and stomach problems, carminative, antiflatulent VET: treatment of udder inflammation (cow) NUT |
Spice | NUT: spice for beans, sauerkraut, and fried eggs | NUT: spice for pastry | ||||||
0 | 2 |
Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae) | Bor | W | Tips | Syrup made from pine tips and sugar, oral application | × | MED: treatment of cough and asthma |
Young cone | Syrup made from pine cones and sugar, oral application | × | MED: treatment of sore throat | |||||
10 | 9 |
Plantago spp. (Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago major L.) (Plantaginaceae) | Trpotec | W | Leaf | Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of cough, cold and stomach ulcer | MED: treatment of cough and gastritis NUT |
Syrup, oral application | MED: treatment of cough | MED: treatment of cough | ||||||
Fresh leaf is placed on the skin | MED: treatment of wounds | MED: treatment of wounds, furuncles, abscesses and stings | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
1 | 6 |
Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch (Rosaceae) | Srčna moč | W | Root | Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of stomach problems | MED: treatment of stomach problems, good for the heart |
Infusion for inhalation | × | MED: treatment of respiratory problems (night asthma) | ||||||
Flower and root | Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | |||||
3 | 12 |
Primula vulgaris Huds. (Primulaceae) | Trobentica | W | Flower | Infusion, oral application | MED: good for ill children | MED: treatment of cold, good for lungs and respiratory system, diuretic NUT |
Syrup, oral application | × | MED: treatment of cough | ||||||
Flower and root | Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | |||||
4 | 1 |
Prunus avium L. var. sylvestris (Kirschl.) (Rosaceae) | Divje češnje | W | Fruit | Maceration in schnapps with sugar | NUT | × |
Jam | NUT | × | ||||||
Dried fruits | × | NUT: dried fruits for children | ||||||
0 | 2 |
Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae) | Sliva, češplja | C | Fruit | Dried fruits | × | MED: against constipation, good for stool NUT |
Compote from dried fruits | × | MED: against constipation NUT | ||||||
10 | 5 |
Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae) | Črn trn | W | Flower | Infusion, oral application | × | MED: against blood clotting NUT |
Fruit | Raw fruits | MED: against diarrhea NUT | NUT | |||||
Infusion | NUT | × | ||||||
Fruits are macerated schnapps and sugar | NUT | × | ||||||
0 | 7 |
Pulmonaria officinalis L. (Boraginaceae) | Pljučnik | W | Aerial parts of flowering plant | Infusion, oral application | × | MED: treatment of pneumonia, cold and cough, good for lungs |
Herbal liqueur | × | NUT/MED | ||||||
0 | 1 |
Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae) | Tepka | C | Fruit | Dried fruit, oral application | × | MED: against diarrhea NUT |
2 | 6 |
Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) | Hrast | W | Bark | Water extract: bark is cooked in water; oral application | VET: against diarrhea (livestock) | × |
Bark is placed in hot water, and a person sits on the steam | MED: treatment of gynecological problems | MED: treatment of bladder inflammation and menstrual problems | ||||||
Acorn | Preparation was reported | × | VET: pig feed | |||||
5 | 3 |
Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Fabaceae) | Akacija, ahacovna | W | Flower | Infusion | NUT | NUT |
Fresh flowers cooked with pancake batter in a frying pan | NUT | NUT | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
22 | 16 |
Rosa spp. (Rosaceae) | Šipek | W | Fruit | Infusion (dried rose hips can be cooked two or three times) | MED: treatment of cold NUT: contains lots of vitamin C | MED: treatment of cold NUT: contains lots of vitamin C |
Liqueur with schnapps (fruits are macerated schnapps and sugar) | NUT | × | ||||||
Jam | NUT | × | ||||||
11 | 2 |
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) | Rožmarin | C | Leaf, twig | Spice | NUT: spice for goulash | NUT |
Ointment with beeswax, topical application | × | MED: to promote blood circulation (rubefacient) | ||||||
Maceration in wine, oral application (a few spoonfuls per day) | MED: against anemia | × | ||||||
Cooked in wine, oral application | MED: good for a weak heart | × | ||||||
Cooked in wine, topical application | MED: spinal massage for strengthening the spine of children | × | ||||||
Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of sore feet and legs, good for a weak heart | × | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
2 | 5 |
Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae) | Malina | W/C | Leaf | Infusion | NUT | NUT |
Herbal liqueur | × | NUT/MED | ||||||
Fruit | Fresh berries | × | NUT | |||||
Syrup | NUT | × | ||||||
Alcoholic distillate from fermented berries | NUT | × | ||||||
11 | 8 |
Rubus spp. (only species with black fruits) (Rosaceae) | Robida, kopina | W | Leaf | Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of diarrhea VET: treatment of diarrhea NUT | MED: treatment of diarrhea NUT |
Fresh leaf is placed on the wound | × | MED: to heal wounds | ||||||
Fruit | Fresh berries | NUT | NUT | |||||
Jam | NUT | × | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | × | NUT/MED | ||||||
6 | 2 |
Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae) | Vinska rutica, rüda | C | Aerial parts (leaf) | Maceration in schnapps, oral application | NUT: aperitif | MED: treatment of stomach problems, stimulation of appetite NUT |
Egg omelet with rue | MED: treatment of stomach and digestive problems | × | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
22 | 11 |
Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) | Žajbelj | W/C | Leaf | Infusion for drinking or gargling | MED: treatment of sore throat, cold and cough, good for gums and teeth | MED: treatment of sore throat, inflammation in mouth, cough and cold, good for lungs |
Infusion for inhalation | × | MED: to facilitate breathing | ||||||
Leaves cooked in sweet or caramel milk, oral application | MED: treatment of sore throat, cough and bronchitis NUT: before bedtime | MED: treatment of sore throat, cough and cold NUT: before bedtime | ||||||
Fresh leaf for chewing | MED: good for teeth and gums, treatment of periodontitis and cold | MED: good for teeth, treatment of inflammation | ||||||
Dried leaves, spice | NUT | NUT: spice for black pudding | ||||||
Maceration in schnapps and honey, oral application | MED: treatment of cold NUT | × | ||||||
Maceration in schnapps, oral application | MED: treatment of cold NUT | NUT | ||||||
Maceration in schnapps, topical application | MED: to heal wounds | × | ||||||
Flower | Syrup | NUT | × | |||||
24 | 24 |
Sambucus nigra L. (Sambucaceae) | Bezeg | W/C | Flower | Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of fever, cold, diaphoretic, diuretic, to lower blood sugar level NUT: for thirst in the summer, has good taste | MED: treatment of cold, fever, sore throat, flu, cough and angina NUT: for every day, in the morning, in the evening |
Syrup made by maceration of flowers in water and adding sugar (sometimes called šabesa) | NUT | NUT | ||||||
Syrup made with honey; oral administration with teaspoon | × | MED: treatment of cold | ||||||
Fresh flowers cooked with pancake batter in a frying pan | NUT | NUT | ||||||
Warm compress on the neck | × | MED: treatment of sore throat and cold | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
Fruit | Infusion, oral application | NUT: infusion has a strong color, for drinking in the winter | MED: treatment of liver problems, connected with nose bleeding | |||||
Jam | NUT | NUT | ||||||
Juice or syrup, oral application | NUT | NUT: contains lots of iron, good for the blood | ||||||
Liqueur with Teran wine, made by cooking elderberries in wine | NUT | × | ||||||
Leaf | Leaf is placed on painful area (the skin under the leaf must sweat) | MED: treatment of painful or poisoned areas on the skin (for example, on the hand) | × | |||||
11 | 0 |
Satureja spp. (Satureja montana L.
Satureja subspicata subsp. liburnica Šilić) (Lamiaceae) | Kraški šetraj, žepek, ožepek, primožek | W | Aerial parts | Spice | NUT: spice for jota (soup), minestrone, vinegar, herb salt, meat, beans | × |
6 | 6 |
Sedum maximum (L.) Suter (Crassulaceae) | Hermelika | W/C | Aerial parts (leaf, flower) | Maceration in schnapps, oral application | MED: treatment of stomach problems NUT: aperitif | MED: treatment of stomach problems NUT: aperitif |
Maceration in schnapps, topical application | MED: treatment of varicose veins | × | ||||||
Leaf | Fresh leaf is placed on the skin | MED: to heal wounds | MED: to heal wounds, furuncles, abscesses | |||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
7 | 6 |
Sempervivum tectorum L. (Crassulaceae) | Netresk, natresk | C | Leaf | Juice from the leaf is dripped into ear | MED: treatment of ear inflammation, ear infection and foot and toenail fungus infection | MED: treatment of ear inflammation and ear infection |
2 | 1 |
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner (Asteraceae) | Pegasti badelj | C | Seed | Whole or ground seeds, oral application | MED: good for the liver | MED: good for the liver |
0 | 1 |
Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) | Krompir | C | Tuber | Pieces of potato tuber are wrapped in fabric and lashed on the feet. When the potato becomes black, it pulls the fever out. | × | MED: antipyretic |
1 | 4 |
Solidago spp. (Solidago virgaurea L., Solidago canadensis L., Solidago gigantea Aiton) (Asteraceae) | Zlata rozga | W | Aerial parts of flowering plant | Infusion | MED: good for the prostate | MED: good for bladder, prostate, ovaries |
0 | 3 |
Symphytum officinale L. (Boraginaceae) | Gabez | W | Root | Maceration in schnapps, topical application | × | MED: treatment of rheumatism, to heal wounds |
Maceration in olive oil, topical application | × | MED: to massage inflamed joints (knees) | ||||||
0 | 1 |
Tamus communis L. (Discoreaceae) | Blušč | W | Root | Root is placed in animal food, and the animal is rubbed with the root | × | VET: treatment of animals (cows) that have intestinal problems and have become malnourished and cachectic |
3 | 0 |
Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. (Asteraceae) | Mandrjanca | C | Leaf | Egg omelet | NUT | × |
0 | 2 |
Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) | Vratič | W | Flower | Infusion | × | VET: treatment of diarrhea and digestive problems |
Egg and crushed flowers are mixed together and cooked in a frying pan | × | MED: treatment of diarrhea | ||||||
9 | 7 |
Taraxacum officinale agg. F.H. Wigg. (Cichoriaceae) | Regrat, radičkovna, pzdunkula | W | Leaf | Fresh leaves prepared in a salad, sometimes with eggs | NUT: contains lots of iron, good for intestines | NUT: contains lots of iron, counteracts anemia (informants did not eat dandelion leaves for medicinal purposes) |
Dandelion leaves prepared like spinach or prepared together with spinach leaves. Used as soup or side dish to mashed potatoes | × | NUT | ||||||
Flower | Infusion | × | NUT | |||||
Syrup, oral application | MED: treatment of sore throat, good for immune system NUT | NUT | ||||||
Root | Maceration in schnapps, oral application | × | MED: treatment of stomach problems | |||||
Maceration in schnapps, topical application | × | COS: for lush hair | ||||||
20 | 9 |
Thymus serpyllum L. (Lamiaceae) | Materina dušica | W | Aerial parts | Infusion, oral application | MED: good for the heart and respiratory system, treatment of cold and gynecological problems (menstrual cramps) NUT | MED: infusion for breastfeeding mothers NUT |
Spice | NUT | NUT | ||||||
Maceration in schnapps | NUT | × | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
16 | 20 |
Tilia spp. (Tilia cordata Mill.
Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) (Tiliaceae) | Lipa | C | Flower | Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of cold, to reduce a fever, diaphoretic NUT | MED: treatment of cold, diaphoretic NUT: for every day, in the morning and evening, has a good taste |
Sleep pillow filled with linden flowers | × | HOUSEHOLD: pillow for sleeping | ||||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
1 | 5 |
Trifolium spp. (some informants used species with white flowers and some used species with red flowers) (Fabaceae) | Rdeča detelja, bela detelja, črna detelja | W | Flower | Infusion, oral application | MED: to heal gynecological problems | NUT |
4 | 11 |
Tussilago farfara L. (Asteraceae) | Lapuh | W | Flower | Infusion, oral application | MED: treatment of sore throat and bronchitis, good for lungs | MED: treatment of cold and cough, good for respiratory system |
Leaf | Fresh leaves are wrapped around the legs | × | MED: treatment of leg pain | |||||
Leaf | Cooked leaves | × | VET: pig feed | |||||
Flower and leaf | Herbal liqueur (Jegermajster) | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | |||||
13 | 17 |
Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) | Kopriva | W | Leaves on the top, nettle tops | Infusion, oral application | MED: diuretic, to cleanse blood and body, spring and autumn cleansing, counteracts rheumatism, good for the stomach | MED: to cleanse body and blood, diuretic, to cleanse skin, to heal acne, laxative, treatment of diabetes NUT: contains lots of iron |
Infusion for hair rinsing | COS: to cleanse hair | MED: treatment of hair loss COS: for lush hair | ||||||
Infusion for bath | × | MED: treatment of tired legs COS: to treat hard skin | ||||||
Nettle tops prepared like spinach: soup or side dish to mashed potatoes | NUT | NUT: contains many vitamins and lots of iron, for anemia | ||||||
Root | Maceration in schnapps, topical application on scalp | × | COS: to promote good blood circulation of scalp, for lush hair | |||||
Infusion for hair rinsing | COS: for strong hair | × | ||||||
Aerial parts | Maceration in water for two days | × | OTHER: fertilizer for the garden | |||||
Aerial parts of young plants | Cooked | VET: feed for pigs | × | |||||
2 | 15 |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Ericaceae) | Borovnice | W | Fruit | Infusion from dried blueberries, oral administration | × | MED: treatment of diarrhea VET: treatment of diarrhea (calf) |
Dried fruits for chewing and eating, oral administration | × | MED: treatment of diarrhea | ||||||
Compote from dried fruits, oral administration | × | MED: treatment of diarrhea | ||||||
Maceration in schnapps, oral administration | MED: treatment of diarrhea NUT | MED: treatment of stomach problems NUT | ||||||
Jam | × | NUT | ||||||
Leaf | Infusion, oral administration | × | MED: to lower the blood sugar level, treatment of diabetes | |||||
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
1 | 1 |
Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) | Baldrijan | W | Root | Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED |
4 | 0 |
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. (Scrophulariaceae) | Lučnik, papeževa sveča | C | Flower | Infusion, oral administration | MED: treatment of sore throat | × |
Maceration in olive oil, topical application | MED: to massage painful joints (rheumatism) | × | ||||||
Maceration in schnapps, oral application | MED: treatment of cough and flu, good for lungs | × | ||||||
1 | 7 | Viola spp. (Violaceae) | Vijolica | W | Flower | Infusion, oral application | NUT | MED: treatment of cough NUT |
Herbal liqueur | NUT/MED | NUT/MED | ||||||
0 | 3 |
Viscum album L. (Viscaceae) | Bela omela | W | Leaf | Infusion, oral application | × | MED: antihypertensive, good for the stomach |
Fruit | Glue from cooked fruits applied on a stick | × | OTHER: household agent for catching flies | |||||
1 | 0 |
Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) | Grozdje | C | Fruit | Vinegar for inhalation | MED: inhaled to prevent cold | × |
0 | 1 |
Zea mays L. (Poaceae) | Koruza | C | Silk | Infusion, oral application | × | MED: treatment of urinary tract inflammation |
Karst | Gorjanci | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plant | Freq. | Rank | Smith’s S | Plant | Freq. | Rank | Smith’s S |
Sambucus nigra
| 24 | 4.5 | 0.794 |
Sambucus nigra
| 24 | 6.38 | 0.694 |
Salvia officinalis
| 22 | 11.45 | 0.448 |
Achillea millefolium
| 20 | 10 | 0.462 |
Rosa spp. | 22 | 10.36 | 0.491 |
Tilia spp. | 20 | 7.65 | 0.541 |
Thymus serpyllum
| 20 | 7.05 | 0.552 |
Matricaria chamomilla
| 19 | 10.05 | 0.465 |
Mentha spp. | 18 | 8.22 | 0.458 |
Urtica dioica
| 17 | 8.24 | 0.398 |
Melissa officinalis
| 18 | 8.17 | 0.475 |
Hypericum perforatum
| 16 | 7.44 | 0.478 |
Matricaria chamomilla
| 16 | 11.44 | 0.329 |
Rosa spp. | 16 | 17.25 | 0.200 |
Tilia spp. | 16 | 7.13 | 0.439 |
Centaurium spp. | 15 | 11.07 | 0.376 |
Achillea millefolium
| 14 | 10.29 | 0.328 |
Vaccinium myrtillus
| 15 | 14.67 | 0.259 |
Urtica dioica
| 13 | 9.85 | 0.300 |
Fragaria vesca
| 13 | 11.92 | 0.257 |
Crataegus spp. | 13 | 9.08 | 0.335 |
Arnica montana
| 12 | 14.08 | 0.227 |
Foeniculum vulgare
| 13 | 12.69 | 0.241 |
Calendula officinalis
| 12 | 11.25 | 0.296 |
Juniperus communis
| 12 | 12.5 | 0.225 |
Primula vulgaris
| 12 | 8.5 | 0.301 |
Satureja spp. | 11 | 9.64 | 0.252 |
Tussilago farfara
| 11 | 11.09 | 0.235 |
Centaurium spp. | 11 | 12.36 | 0.216 |
Salvia officinalis
| 11 | 10.45 | 0.245 |
Hypericum perforatum
| 11 | 11.45 | 0.243 |
Equisetum arvense
| 10 | 14.8 | 0.203 |
Rosmarinus officinalis
| 11 | 11.36 | 0.224 |
Betula pendula
| 10 | 16.3 | 0.158 |
Rubus spp. | 11 | 12.64 | 0.202 |
Picea abies
| 10 | 13.2 | 0.200 |
Prunus spinosa
| 10 | 11.7 | 0.207 |
Thymus serpyllum
| 9 | 9.22 | 0.228 |
Plantago spp. | 10 | 11.4 | 0.208 |
Juglans regia
| 9 | 20.67 | 0.096 |
Laurus nobilis
| 9 | 16.56 | 0.087 |
Juniperus communis
| 9 | 19.33 | 0.121 |
Taraxacum officinale agg. | 9 | 10 | 0.178 |
Plantago spp. | 9 | 12.89 | 0.192 |
Calendula officinalis
| 9 | 10.78 | 0.197 |
Rubus spp. | 8 | 15.38 | 0.157 |
Cornus mas
| 8 | 13.5 | 0.149 |
Mentha spp. | 8 | 8 | 0.229 |
Origanum majorana
| 8 | 9.13 | 0.182 |
Viola spp. | 7 | 9.86 | 0.178 |
Artemisia spp. | 7 | 14.14 | 0.122 |
Taraxacum officinale agg. | 7 | 21.86 | 0.095 |
Lavandula spp. | 7 | 11.14 | 0.162 |
Carum carvi
| 7 | 12.71 | 0.166 |
Sempervivum tectorum
| 7 | 16 | 0.096 |
Melissa officinalis
| 7 | 8.43 | 0.209 |
Picea abies
| 6 | 13.33 | 0.080 |
Pulmonaria officinalis
| 7 | 11.29 | 0.184 |
Asparagus spp. | 6 | 12.5 | 0.079 |
Sempervivum tectorum
| 6 | 13.83 | 0.110 |
Althaea officinalis
| 6 | 13.67 | 0.091 |
Potentilla erecta
| 6 | 18.83 | 0.097 |
Ruta graveolens
| 6 | 18.67 | 0.077 |
Sedum maximum
| 6 | 18 | 0.088 |
Sedum maximum
| 6 | 12.67 | 0.103 |
Crataegus spp. | 6 | 7.83 | 0.167 |
Arnica montana
| 6 | 12.17 | 0.108 |
Artemisia spp. | 6 | 22.67 | 0.068 |
Robinia pseudacacia
| 5 | 20.4 | 0.028 |
Quercus spp. | 6 | 19 | 0.077 |
Fragaria vesca
| 5 | 15.4 | 0.087 |
Trifolium spp. | 5 | 11.6 | 0.106 |
Aloysia citrodora
| 5 | 13 | 0.073 |
Pimpinella anisum
| 5 | 9.4 | 0.138 |
Prunus avium
| 4 | 17.25 | 0.016 |
Prunus spinosa
| 5 | 12.2 | 0.109 |
Tussilago farfara
| 4 | 15.5 | 0.069 |
Rubus idaeus
| 5 | 12.8 | 0.100 |
Anthyllis vulneraria
| 4 | 8.25 | 0.117 |
Bellis perennis
| 4 | 12 | 0.104 |
Levisticum officinale
| 4 | 13 | 0.07 |
Solidago spp. | 4 | 13 | 0.085 |
Verbascum densiflorum
| 4 | 15.25 | 0.081 |
Origanum vulgare
| 4 | 9.75 | 0.068 |
Ocimum basilicum
| 3 | 10.33 | 0.061 |
Castanea sativa
| 4 | 17.25 | 0.055 |
Gentiana lutea
| 3 | 14 | 0.055 |
Allium ursinum
| 4 | 17.25 | 0.035 |
Aesculus hippocastanum
| 3 | 8.67 | 0.067 |
Symphytum officinale
| 3 | 13.33 | 0.055 |
Carum carvi
| 3 | 18.67 | 0.022 |
Berberis vulgaris
| 3 | 9.33 | 0.060 |
Tanacetum parthenium
| 3 | 17.33 | 0.010 |
Viscum album
| 3 | 24 | 0.028 |
Pimpinella anisum
| 3 | 12.33 | 0.061 |
Linum usitatissimum
| 3 | 23 | 0.029 |
Primula vulgaris
| 3 | 16 | 0.054 |
Robinia pseudacacia
| 3 | 25 | 0.038 |
Galium odoratum
| 3 | 26 | 0.028 |
Comparison of plants reported in Karst and Gorjanci
Medicinal use of plants in Karst and Gorjanci
General data on the medicinal use of plants
Disease or action of the medicine | No. of plants reported in Karst | No. of reports in Karst | No. of plants reported in Gorjanci | No. of reports in Gorjanci | No. of plants reported in Karst and Gorjanci | No. of reports in Karst and Gorjanci |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Respiratory system disorders
| 17 | 58 | 19 | 88 | 26 | 146 |
Cold | 9 | 28 | 12 | 33 | 16 | 61 |
Cough | 5 | 9 | 12 | 21 | 14 | 30 |
Sore throat | 7 | 12 | 6 | 14 | 10 | 26 |
“Good for lungs” and “good for respiratory system” | 3 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 12 |
Bronchitis | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 |
Flu | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
Asthma | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Breathing problems | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Pneumonia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Angina | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Gastrointestinal disorders
| 18 | 50 | 25 | 87 | 29 | 137 |
Carminative (digestive problems, spasms, stomach pain, and flatulence) | 16 | 43 | 21 | 67 | 25 | 110 |
Against diarrhea | 4 | 6 | 7 | 15 | 9 | 21 |
Appetite stimulation | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Laxative | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Skin diseases
| 12 | 35 | 14 | 59 | 20 | 94 |
Wounds | 10 | 17 | 8 | 30 | 14 | 47 |
Burns and sunburns | 3 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 17 |
Furuncles and abscess | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 7 |
Warts | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
Contusions and bruises | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
Rash and eczema | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Rubefacient | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Scabs | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Stings | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Snake bites | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Sweaty feet | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Inflamed nipples | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Genitourinary system disorders
| 9 | 24 | 11 | 39 | 14 | 63 |
Diuretic, “cleansing of body, kidneys and blood” | 4 | 14 | 6 | 22 | 8 | 36 |
Gynecological problems | 5 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 18 |
Urinary tract inflammation | 0 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 9 |
Miscellaneous infections
| 6 | 24 | 12 | 32 | 13 | 56 |
Ear infection | 1 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 12 |
Fever | 2 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 10 |
Mouth inflammation | 1 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 10 |
Eye infection | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 9 |
Diaphoretic | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
Anthelmintic | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
Fungal nail infection | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Musculoskeletal system disorders
| 9 | 15 | 11 | 20 | 14 | 35 |
Muscle or joint pain in various body parts | 4 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 11 |
Rheumatism | 4 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 11 |
Pain in legs | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 |
Pain in the back | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Pain in hands | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Weak spine of children | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Knee effusion | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Swollen legs | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Nervous system disorders
| 6 | 18 | 5 | 17 | 9 | 35 |
Calmative | 5 |
15
| 5 | 11 | 7 | 26 |
Sleep disorders | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 7 |
Epilepsy | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Depression | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Heart, blood and circulatory system disorders
| 8 | 21 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 30 |
Heart trouble | 3 | 13 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 17 |
Varicose veins | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
High blood pressure | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
Anemia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Hemorrhoids | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Against blood clotting | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Differences in the medicinal use of plants in Karst and Gorjanci
Continuity between nutritive and medicinal use
Plant | No. of informants | Reported uses in Karst and Gorjanci | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karst | Gorjanci | Food | Cleansing of the body, blood and kidneys; diuretic properties | Treatment of urinary infections | |
Urtica dioica
| 13 | 17 | 14 | 15 | 0 |
Asparagus spp. | 6 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 |
Equisetum arvense
| 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 | 10 |
Betula pendula
| 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 6 |
Medicinal plants in animal healthcare
Medicinal preparations
Preparation method | No. of plants | |
---|---|---|
Fresh and dried plant material | Dried fruits | 3 |
Raw fruits | 1 | |
Juice | 1 | |
Leaf for chewing | 1 | |
Seeds | 1 | |
Bulb | 1 | |
Heat-processed plant material | Infusion | 48 |
Decoction | 1 | |
Compote from dried fruits | 2 | |
Leaves cooked in (caramel) milk | 2 | |
Cooked in wine | 1 | |
Roux soup with eggs and flowers | 1 | |
Egg omelet with plant material | 3 | |
Eggs cooked in a frying pan and sprinkled with flowers | 1 | |
Distillation | Essential oil | 1 |
Alcoholic distillate | 1 | |
Maceration | Maceration in schnapps | 16 |
Maceration in wine | 2 | |
Syrup | 9 |
Preparation method | No. of plants | ||
---|---|---|---|
Skin | Fresh plant material | Fresh plant material is placed on the skin | 10 |
Latex | 2 | ||
Resin | 1 | ||
Heat-processed plant material | Ointment made with lard | 2 | |
Fried plant material | 1 | ||
Poultice made from cooked plant material | 2 | ||
Infusion for warm compress | 1 | ||
Infusion | 2 | ||
Infusion for bath | 3 | ||
Cooked in wine | 1 | ||
Distillation | Essential oil | 1 | |
Alcoholic distillate | 1 | ||
Maceration | Maceration in oil | 5 | |
Maceration in schnapps | 10 | ||
Eyes | Heat-processed plant material | Infusion for eye rinsing and compress | 1 |
Fresh plant material | Seed is placed in eye | 1 | |
Lungs | Heat-processed plant material | Infusion for inhalation | 3 |
Fermentation | Vinegar for inhalation | 1 | |
Ears | Fresh plant material | Juice is dripped into ear | 1 |
Sources of knowledge about plants
No. of informants in Karst | No. of informants in Gorjanci | ||
---|---|---|---|
Oral sources - relatives | Mother | 8 | 9 |
Father | 0 | 2 | |
Parents | 0 | 2 | |
Grandmother | 5 | 5 | |
Grandfather | 0 | 1 | |
Grandparents | 1 | 0 | |
Sister | 1 | 0 | |
Brother | 0 | 1 | |
Aunt | 1 | 0 | |
Uncle | 1 | 0 | |
Mother-in-law | 1 | 3 | |
Sister-in-law | 0 | 1 | |
Cousin (female) | 0 | 1 | |
Relatives (in general) | 1 | 0 | |
Oral sources - non-relatives | Neighbors | 0 | 3 |
Neighbor - woman | 0 | 2 | |
Neighbor - man | 1 | 0 | |
Friends | 1 | 0 | |
Woman friend | 3 | 0 | |
Co-worker - woman | 2 | 2 | |
Older women | 0 | 2 | |
Older people | 0 | 1 | |
Doctor - woman | 0 | 1 | |
Doctor - man | 1 | 0 | |
Veterinarian - man | 0 | 1 | |
Herbalist - man | 1 | 0 | |
Herbalist - woman | 1 | 0 | |
Others (in general) | 0 | 2 | |
Oral sources - summary | Total number | 29 | 39 |
Relatives (in total) | 19 | 25 | |
Non-relatives (in total) | 10 | 14 | |
Women | 22 | 29 | |
Men | 4 | 5 | |
Unknown sex | 3 | 5 | |
Non-oral sources | Books | 20 | 10 |
TV | 1 | 3 | |
Magazine, newspaper | 3 | 0 | |
Internet | 1 | 2 | |
Radio | 0 | 2 |