nach oben

Journal of Religion and Health

Erschienen in:

01.02.2014 | Original Paper

Forgiveness and Health in Christian Women

verfasst von: Gretchen Quenstedt-Moe, Sue Popkess

Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health | Ausgabe 1/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Researchers in psychology have studied the influence of forgiveness on the both the psychological and physical health of individuals. In addition, parish nursing is also looking at forgiveness as a potential benefit for self-care and health promotion. Forgiveness was measured using Enright’s Forgiveness Inventory. Health was measured using Spielberg’s State/Trait Anger measure, Beck’s II Depression measure, SPF-15 Health Survey. Body Mass Index was also calculated. Mixed Methods was also used to describe the qualitative findings using content analysis on the types of unjust violations Christian women experienced. Women expressed very severe unjust violations involving sexual, physical, emotional, financial and spiritual abuse. Statistical correlations suggested important relationships among forgiveness and overall health measures warranting further investigation. The relationship between Church type and forgiveness raised questions about women’s role in the Church as well as, the importance of acknowledging personal feelings, which are excluded in many orthodox denomination’s doctrines.

Al-Mabuk, R. H., Enright, R. D., & Cardis, P. A. (1995). Forgiveness education with parentally love-deprived late adolescents. Journal of Moral Education, 24, 427–444.CrossRef

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). BDI II manuel. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.

Brush, B. L., McGee, E. M., Cavanagh, B., & Woodward, M. (2001). Forgiveness, a concept analysis. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 19, 27–41.PubMedCrossRef

Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2005). The practice of nursing research. St. Louis: Elsevier.

Chesney, M. A., Darbes, L. A., Hoerster, K., Taylor, J. M., Chambers, D. B., & Anderson, D. E. (2005). Positive emotions: Exploring the other hemisphere in behavioral medicine. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12, 50–58.PubMedCrossRef

Cook, J. A., Grey, D., Burke, J., Cohen, M. H., Gurtman, A. C., Richardson, J. L., et al. (2004). Depressive symptoms and AIDS-related mortality among a multisite cohort of HIV-positive women. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1133–1140.PubMedCrossRef

Coyle, C. T., & Enright, R. D. (1997). Forgiveness as an intervention with post-abortion men. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 1042–1045.PubMedCrossRef

Danner, D. D., Snowdon, D. A., & Friessen, W. V. (2001). Positive emotions in early life and longevity: findings from the nun study. Journal of Perspectives in Social Psychology, 80, 804–813.CrossRef

Enright, R. (2004). Forgiveness is a choice. Washington, DC: APA.

Enright, R. D., Rique, J., & Coyle, C. T. (2000). The Enright forgiveness inventory (EFI) user’s manual. Madison, WI: The International Forgiveness Institute.

Flanigan, B. (1992). Forgiving the unforgivable. New York: MacMillan.

Fortune, M. (1987). Keeping the faith: Questions and answers for abused women. New York: Harper & Row.

Freedman, S., & Enright, R. (1996). Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 200–216.CrossRef

Friedmann, M. L., Mouch, J., & Racey, T. (2002). Nursing the spirit: The framework of systemic organization. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 39, 325–332.CrossRef

Hebl, J., & Enright, R. (1993). Forgiveness as a psychotherapeutic goal with elderly females. Psychotherapy, 30, 658–667.CrossRef

Jones, L. G. (1995). Embodying forgiveness: A theological analysis. Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

Karren, K. J., Hafen, B. Q., Smith, N. L., & Frandsen, K. J. (2002). Mind/body health: The effects of attitudes, emotions, and relationships (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.

Koenig, H. G. (2002). Spirituality in patient care. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.

Koenig, H. G. (2004). Religion, spirituality, and medicine: Research findings and implications for clinical practice. Southern Medical Journal, 12, 1194–1201.CrossRef

Koenig, H. G., & Cohen, H. J. (2002). The link between religion and health. Psychoneuroimmunology and the faith factor. Oxford: University Press.CrossRef

Kubzansky, C. D., Wright, R. J., Cohen, S., Weiss, S., Rosner, B., & Sparrow, D. (2002). Breathing easy: A prospective study of optimism and pulmonary function in the normative aging study. Annuals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 345–353.CrossRef

Levin, J. (2001). God, faith, and health. New York: Wiley.

Lin, W., Mack, D., Enright, R. D., Krahn, D., & Baskin, T. W. (2004). Effects of forgiveness therapy on anger, mood, and vulnerability to substance use among inpatient substance dependent clients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 1114–1121.PubMedCrossRef

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. California: Sage Publications.

Linfante, A. H., Allan, R., Smith, S. C., & Mosca, L. (2003). Psychosocial factors predict coronary heart disease, but what predicts psychosocial risk in women. Woman’s Health, 58, 248–253.

Luskin, F. (2002). Forgive for good. San Francisco: Harper Collins.

Lustman, P. J., & Clouse, R. E. (2005). Depression in diabetic patients: the relationship between mood and glycemic control. Journal of Diabetes Complications, 19, 113–122.

McCullough, M. E., & Worthington, E. L. (1997). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of Perspectives in Social Psychology, 73, 321–336.CrossRef

Mickley, J. R., & Cowles, K. (2001). Ameliorating the tension: Use of forgiveness for healing. Oncology Nursing Forum, 28, 31–37.PubMed

Miller, T. Q., Smith, T. W., Turner, C. W., Guijarro, M. L., & Hallet, A. J. (1996). A met-analytic review of research on hostility and physical health. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 322–348.PubMedCrossRef

Ott, R. L., & Longnecker, M. (2001). An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis (5th ed.). California: Duxbury.

Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping. New York: The Guilford Press.

Pargament, K. I., McCarthy, S., Shah, P., Ano, G., Tarakeshwar, N., Wachholtz, A., et al. (2004). Religion and HIV: A review of the literature and clinical implications. Southern Medical Journal, 97, 1201–1209.PubMedCrossRef

Patten, S. B., Beck, C. A., Kassam, A., Williams, J. V., Barbui, C., & Metz, L. M. (2005). Long-term medical conditions and major depression: strength of association for specific conditions in the general population. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 195–202.

Peterson, J., Atwood, J. R., & Yates, B. (2002). Key elements for Church-based health promotion programs: outcome-based literature review. Public Health Nursing, 19, 401–411.PubMedCrossRef

Quimette, P. L., Conkite, R., Prins, A., & Moos, R. H. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder, anger and hostility, and physical health status. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 192, 563–566.CrossRef

Reynolds, W. M. (1982). Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 119–125.CrossRef

Rozanski, A., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2005). Psychological functioning and physical health: A paradigm of flexibility. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67(Suppl 1), S47–S53.PubMedCrossRef

Ruther, R. (1998). Religion and sexism. Oregen: Wipf and Stock.

Rutledge, T., Reis, S. E., Olson, M., Owens, J., Kelsey, S. F., Pepine, C. J., et al. (2001). Psychological variables are associated with atherosclerosis risk factors among women with chest pain: The WISE study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 282–288.PubMed

Sarinopoulos, S. (2000). Forgiveness and physical health a doctoral dissertation summary. The World of Forgiveness, 3, 16–18.

Shuman, J. J., & Meador, K. G. (2003). Heal thyself. Spirituality, medicine, and the distortion of Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press.

Slosson, R. L. (1991). Slosson oral reading test. New York: Slosson Educational.

Smedes, L. B. (1996). Forgive and forget. New York: Ballentine.

Spiegel, D. (1996). Cancer and depression (pp. 109–116). June: British Journal of Psychiatry Suppl.

Spielberger, C. D. (1999). State-trait anger expression inventory-2. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

Subkoviak, M. J., Enright, R. D., Wu, C., Gassin, E. A., Freedman, S., Olson, L. M., et al. (1995). Measuring interpersonal forgiveness in late adolescence and middle adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 18, 641–655.CrossRef

Sutherland, C., Bybee, D., & Sullivan, C. (1998). The long-term effects of battering on women’s health. Women’s Health: Research on Gender, Behavior, and Policy, 4, 41–70.

Waltz, C. F., Strickland, O. L., & Lenz, E. C. (2005). Measurement in nursing and health research (3rd ed.). NewYork: Springer.

Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., & Dewey, J. E. (2002). How to score version 2 of the SF-36 health survey. Medical Outcomes Trust and Quality Metric Incorporated.

Webb, V. (1999). Why we’re equal. Saint Louis, MO: Chalice Press.

Witvliet, C., Ludwig, T. E., & Vander Laan, K. L. (2001). Granting forgiveness or harboring grudges: Implications for emotion, physiology, and health. American Psychological Society, 12, 117–123.

Worthington, E. L. (1997). Dimensions of forgiveness. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.

Titel: Forgiveness and Health in Christian Women
verfasst von: Gretchen Quenstedt-Moe
Sue Popkess
Publikationsdatum: 01.02.2014
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health / Ausgabe 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9603-z

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2014

Illness Narrative, Depression, and Sainthood: An Analysis of the Writings of Mother Teresa

Religion, Spirituality and Therapy: Implications for Training

MISSING OUT: IN PRAISE OF THE UNLIVED LIFE. By Adam Phillips. 224 pp. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012. $16.99, hardcover. $7.08, paperback. ISBN# 9780374281113

Patterns of Religious Coping among Bereaved College Students

Religiosity and HIV-Related Drug Risk Behavior: A Multidimensional Assessment of Individuals from Communities with High Rates of Drug Use

The Relationship Between Religious Service Attendance and Coronary Heart Disease and Related Risk Factors in Saskatchewan, Canada