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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 3/2006

01.11.2006 | Weiterbildung · Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Fortschritte in der neurobiologischen Erforschung der Schizophrenie

Perspektiven für neue Therapieansätze

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. P. Falkai, W. Maier

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Sonderheft 3/2006

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Zusammenfassung

Mangels Kenntnis der Ätiologie und Pathogenese fehlen für die Schizophrenie kausale Therapieansätze. Seit kurzem sind aber drei postulierte Dispositionsgene für die Schizophrenie zunehmend gut bestätigt: das Dysbindin-Gen, das Neuregulin-1-Gen und das G72/DAOA-Gen. Diese Gene kodieren Proteine von der Hirnentwicklung bis hin zur Aufrechterhaltung der glutamatergen Synapse im reifen Gehirn. Diese Entdeckungen stimulierten die molekulare Ursachen- und Pathogeneseforschung. Neue Erklärungsansätze von neuroanatomischen Befunden deuten auf subtile Hinweise einer gestörten Hirnentwicklung und einen Verlust nichtneuronaler Elemente, des Neuropils, als Korrelat hirnatrophischer Veränderungen hin. Diese Reduktion des Neuropils wird wesentlich durch synaptische Elemente bedingt. Biochemische Befunde zeigen komplementär, dass neben dem dopaminergen sowie serotonergen System insbesondere die glutamaterge Transmission gestört ist. Insgesamt passen diese Befunde gut zu vermuteten Funktionen der Dispositionsgene. Hypothesenfreie Ansätze in der strukturellen Bildgebung sowie die Kombination der funktionellen Bildgebung mit relevanten Genvarianten öffnen neue Wege, um Marker aus der Bildgebung in die Diagnose der Schizophrenie und die Beurteilung der Response auf Neuroleptika mit einzubeziehen. Trotz der Erkenntnisfortschritte, z. B. im Bereich der Genetik, liefern bekannte Risikovarianten derzeit noch keinen Beitrag zur Frühdiagnostik. Darüber hinaus erlaubt die Pharmakogenetik zurzeit keine individuelle Voraussage des Therapieerfolgs bei Antipsychotika.
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Metadaten
Titel
Fortschritte in der neurobiologischen Erforschung der Schizophrenie
Perspektiven für neue Therapieansätze
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. P. Falkai
W. Maier
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2006
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe Sonderheft 3/2006
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-006-2197-5

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