Background
Methods
Plant material
Extraction, fractionation and isolation
General experimental procedures
GC-MS analysis of leaf extracts of Oxyanthus speciosus
Antimycobacterial activity assay
Mycobacterial culture and inoculum preparation
Cytotoxicity assay
Nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory production
Intracellular assay of the crude acetone extracts of Oxyanthus speciosus
Statistical analysis
Results
Structure elucidation and GC-MS
S/N | Compound | RT (min) | Molecular formula | MW | % Peak Area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2-Methylthiophene | 12.03 | C5H6S | 98 | 0.03 |
2 | 2-Methyl-penten-3-yne | 1.33 | C6H8 | 80 | 1.63 |
3 | 4-(Methylenecyclopropyl)-butyraldehyde or 4-(2-Methylenecyclopropyl) butanal | 11.89 | C8H12O | 124 | 7.99 |
4 | Methylcyclooctane | 11.81 | C9H18 | 126 | 0.34 |
5 | O-Decylhydroxylamine | 7.26 | C10H23NO | 173 | 3.92 |
6 | 4H-1,3,2-Dioxaborin, 6-ethenyl-2-ethyl-4-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl)- | 21.57 | C12H21BO2 | 208 | 0.10 |
7 | Phenyl 4-methoxybenzoate | 19.62 | C14H12O3 | 228 | 0.00007 |
8 | 3-Octadecyne | 12.24 | C18H34 | 250 | 0.87 |
9 | 2-Methylheptadecane | 15.58 | C18H38 | 254 | 1.94 |
10 | Nonadecane | 11.88 | C19H40 | 268 | 7.99 |
11 | Neophytadiene | 24.67 | C20H38 | 278 | 0.44 |
12 | Phytol | 14.75 | C20H40O | 296 | 0.73 |
13 | 1-Iodo-2-methylundecane | 13.81 | C12H25I | 296 | 5.09 |
14 | 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-ethylhexyl ester | 18.13 | C20H30O4 | 334 | 0.05 |
15 | Phthalic acid, heptyl pentyl ester | 13.32 | C20H30O4 | 334 | 0.02 |
16 | Heptacosane | 17.21 | C27H56 | 380 | 0.87 |
17 | 2-(Cholest-5-en-3-yloxy) ethyl acetate | 22.93 | C31H52O3 | 472 | 0.92 |
Antimycobacterial activity
Samples | Yield (%) | MF (mg) | Microorganisms | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M. smegmatis
|
M. aurum
|
M. tuberculosis
|
M. fortuitum
| Average MIC | Average TA inL | |||||||
MIC | TA | MIC | TA | MIC | TA | MIC | TA | |||||
Extract | 2.99a | 26,340 | 0.08a | 329.3 | 0.06a | 439.0 | 0.17a | 154.9 | 0.078 | 337.7 | 0.097 | 315.2 |
F1 | 2.02 | 750 | 1.25 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 2.19 | 0.3 |
F2 | 3.15 | 1160 | 0.31 | 3.7 | 0.625 | 1.8 | 0.625 | 1.9 | 0.31 | 3.7 | 1.02 | 2.8 |
F3 | 1.48 | 550 | 0.15 | 3.7 | 0.31 | 1.8 | 0.31 | 1.8 | 0.31 | 1.8 | 0.27 | 2.2 |
F4 | 3.08 | 1140 | 0.15 | 7.6 | 0.31 | 3.7 | 0.31 | 3.7 | 0.156 | 7.3 | 0.27 | 5.6 |
F5 | 1.64 | 610 | 0.15 | 4.1 | 0.31 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 0.625 | 0.9 | 0.78 | 1.8 |
F6 | 0.32 | 120 | 1.25 | 0.09 | 2.5 | 0.048 | 0.625 | 0.2 | 1.25 | 0.1 | 1.25 | 0.1 |
F7 | 0.43 | 160 | 1.25 | 0.1 | 0.625 | 0.3 | 1.25 | 0.1 | 1.25 | 0.1 | 1.09 | 0.2 |
F8 | 0.81 | 300 | 0.15 | 2 | 0.625 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 1.25 | 0.2 | 1.13 | 0.7 |
F9 | 0.08 | 30 |
0.039
| 0.8 | 0.31 | 0.09 | 0.31 | 0.09 | 0.625 | 0.05 | 0.48 | 0.3 |
F10 | 28.35 | 10,490 |
0.039
|
269
| 0.156 |
67.2
| 0.31 | 33.8 | 0.625 | 16.8 | 0.28 |
96.7
|
F11 | 29.81 | 11,030 | 0.15 | 73.5 | 0.156 | 71 | 0.31 |
35.6
| 0.625 | 17.6 | 0.31 |
33
|
Rif | nd | nd | 12.5 | nd | 1.56 | nd | 100 | nd | nd | nd | 38.02 | nd |
Lut | nd | 6.4 | 0.05 | na | 0.013 | na | 0.025 | na | 0.025 | na | 0.028 | na |
RA | nd | 50 | 0.1 | na | 0.1 | na | 0.1 | na | 0.1 | na | 0.1 | na |
Cytotoxic activity and inhibition of NO production
Samples | LC50 (μg/mL) | SI | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ms
|
Ma
|
Mt
|
Mf
| ||
Extract | 383a | 1.24a | 2.46a | 2.25a | 4.91 |
F1 | 40 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
F2 | 34 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.11 |
F3 | 60 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 |
F4 | 190 | 1.22 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 1.22 |
F5 | 200 | 1.28 | 0.65 | 0.08 | 0.32 |
F6 | 70 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.11 | nd |
F7 | 156 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
F8 | 510 |
3.27
| 0.82 | 0.20 | 0.41 |
F9 | 40 | 1.03 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.06 |
F10 | 50 | 1.28 | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.08 |
F11 | 80 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.26 | 0.13 |
Rif | > 200 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Lut | > 200 | > 4 | > 16 | > 8 | > 8 |
RA | 33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 |
Dox | 3.32 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Samples | Concentration (μg/mL) | NO production (μM) | % NO inhibition | % cell viability |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lutein | 25 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 94.99 | 91.59 |
12.5 | 0.44 ± 0.15 | 83.85 | 92.59 | |
6.25 | 1.37 ± 0.07 | 49.46 | 86.84 | |
3.12 | 1.98 ± 0.08 | 27.17 | 74.20 | |
Rotundic acid | 25 | 0.48 ± 0.18 | 82.39 | 87.48 |
12.5 | 1.19 ± 0.16 | 56.24 | 86.11 | |
6.25 | 2.01 ± 0.16 | 26.20 | 78.51 | |
3.12 | 2.39 ± 0.09 | 12.16 | 73.73 | |
Quercetin | 25 | 0.35 ± 0.10 | 99.35 | 57.60 |
12.5 | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 106.61 | 79.23 | |
6.25 | 0.69 ± 0.08 | 110.49 | 105.03 | |
3.12 | 2.50 ± 0.48 | 94.50 | 101.23 |