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01.08.2013 | Leitthema

Früherkennung der Parkinson-Krankheit

Objektivierbare nichtmotorische Symptome und Biomarker

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. B. Mollenhauer, F. Sixel-Döring, A. Storch, C. Schneider, R. Hilker, E. Kalbe

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 8/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Die Diagnose der Parkinson-Krankheit (PK) nach UK-Brain-Bank-Kriterien basiert auf dem Vorhandensein motorischer Symptome und deren Ansprechen auf dopaminerge Medikation. Eine Diagnose wird jedoch oft erst dann, wenn bereits mehr als 50 % der dopaminergen Neuronen zugrunde gegangen sind, und damit zu spät gestellt. In den letzten Jahren sind zunehmend auch die nichtmotorischen Störungen (NMS) der PK in den Fokus gerückt. Hierzu zählen u. a. „Rapid-eye-movement“(REM)-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung („rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder“, RBD), Obstipation, Riechstörungen, neuropsychiatrische Symptome, wie Depression und Angst, sowie kognitive Symptome. Studien konnten zeigen, dass diese NMS teilweise der motorischen PK-Manifestation um einige Jahre vorausgehen, sodass sich die Frage stellt, ob NMS eine frühere Diagnose unterstützen können. Zusätzlich wird derzeit untersucht, inwiefern objektivierbare Biomarker im Blut oder Liquor cerebrospinalis und bildgebende Verfahren zur früheren Diagnose der PK beitragen können. Der Beitrag fasst einige wichtige NMS (insbesondere RBD, Riechstörungen und neuropsychiatrische/kognitive Symptome) sowie den aktuellen Stand zu Biomarkern und bildgebenden Verfahren in der frühen bzw. prämotorischen Phase der PK zusammen und diskutiert ihre Relevanz für die Frühdiagnose.

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Titel: Früherkennung der Parkinson-Krankheit
Objektivierbare nichtmotorische Symptome und Biomarker
verfasst von: Prof. Dr. B. Mollenhauer
F. Sixel-Döring
A. Storch
C. Schneider
R. Hilker
E. Kalbe
Publikationsdatum: 01.08.2013
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 8/2013
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-013-3756-1

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