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Erschienen in: Manuelle Medizin 4/2019

21.05.2019 | Massage | Leitthema

Frühgeborenenmassage: taktile Körperstimulation in der Neonatalmedizin

Effekte auf Wachstum, Gesundheit und Immunsystem

verfasst von: S. M. Mueller, M. Grunwald

Erschienen in: Manuelle Medizin | Ausgabe 4/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Besonders bei Frühgeborenen können geeignete Berührungs- und Bewegungsinterventionen den Reifungs- und Entwicklungsprozess außerordentlich positiv beeinflussen. Obwohl die Skin-to-Skin-Methode grundsätzlich auch mit intubierten Frühgeborenen in kritischem Zustand durchgeführt werden kann und Untersuchungen deren positive Effekte belegen, ist die Hürde zur tatsächlichen Durchführung aus Angst vor Komplikationen häufig zu hoch. Mit wesentlich geringerem Aufwand lassen sich bei Frühgeborenen mit extrem geringem Gewicht und/oder Komplikationen bereits systematische taktile Körperstimulationen im Inkubator durchführen. Die belegten Effekte gehen weit über die Förderung der psychosozialen Bindung hinaus. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel legt die Befunde zu regelmäßiger systematischer taktiler Körperstimulation dar, die anhand randomisierter kontrollierter Studien gezeigt wurden. Zentrale Effekte umfassen schnelleren Gewichtszuwachs, Verkürzung des Krankenhausaufenthalts, gesteigerte Knochenmineralisation sowie positive Auswirkungen auf die kognitive und psychomotorische Entwicklung. Zudem schliefen behandelte Frühgeborene besser, beruhigen sich schneller nach schmerzhaften Prozeduren und erkrankten seltener an Spätsepsis. Um die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen verstehen zu können, sind weitere Studien erforderlich. Aktuell werden eine durch Frühgeborenenmassage angeregte Zunahme der Vagusaktivität, Senkung des Kortisolspiegels sowie positive Effekte auf Immunsystem und Verdauung angenommen. In der Mehrzahl der existierenden Studien wurde die Behandlung 3‑mal täglich für 15 min an 5 bis 10 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen durchgeführt.
Fußnoten
1
Einleitung angelehnt an: Mueller u. Grunwald [52].
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Frühgeborenenmassage: taktile Körperstimulation in der Neonatalmedizin
Effekte auf Wachstum, Gesundheit und Immunsystem
verfasst von
S. M. Mueller
M. Grunwald
Publikationsdatum
21.05.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwörter
Massage
Pflege
Erschienen in
Manuelle Medizin / Ausgabe 4/2019
Print ISSN: 0025-2514
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0466
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00337-019-0546-2

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