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Erschienen in:

02.06.2023 | Frühgeburten | Leitthema

Ophthalmologische Langzeitfolgen der Frühgeburtlichkeit – persistierend bis in das Erwachsenenalter

Augenentwicklung und Frühgeborenenanamnese

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. Achim Fieß, Eva Mildenberger, MD, Norbert Pfeiffer, MD, Alexander K. Schuster, MD, MSc

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 6/2023

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Frühgeburtlichkeit und das postnatale Auftreten der Frühgeborenenretinopathie (ROP) sind die Hauptrisikofaktoren für eine reduzierte Sehschärfe und Erblindung in der Kindheit und Jugend, einhergehend mit zahlreichen morphologischen Augenveränderungen.

Fragestellung

Es ist anzunehmen, dass diese Veränderungen über das Leben persistieren und einen möglichen Risikofaktor für Augenerkrankungen darstellen könnten, wenngleich bisher wenig über die langfristigen okulären Auswirkungen von Frühgeburtlichkeit bekannt ist.

Material und Methoden

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, eine Literaturzusammenfassung der Langzeiteffekte von Frühgeburtlichkeit und den hiermit assoziierten Faktoren zu präsentieren.

Ergebnisse

Ehemals frühgeborene Personen weisen im Erwachsenenalter eine reduzierte Sehschärfe, geringere visuelle Lebensqualität sowie eine steilere Hornhautkonfiguration auf. Personen mit fortgeschrittener ROP und Notwendigkeit für eine ROP-Behandlung haben ein besonders hohes Risiko für einen myopen Brechkraftfehler, für das Auftreten eines Strabismus sowie vermehrte Linsentrübungen mit dickerer Linse. Ein niedriges Gestationsalter ist mit einer dünneren peripapillären retinalen Nervenfaserschichtdicke sowie einer dickeren fovealen Netzhautdicke und einer häufigeren fovealen Hypoplasie verbunden. Darüber hinaus zeigen Daten der Gutenberg-Gesundheitsstudie, dass ein niedriges Geburtsgewicht als Surrogatmarker für Frühgeburtlichkeit und eine fetale Wachstumsrestriktion mit einer altersbedingten Makuladegeneration assoziiert ist und häufiger ein Diabetes und damit auch eine diabetische Retinopathie vorliegen.

Diskussion

Frühgeburtlichkeit und hiermit assoziierte Faktoren führen zu lebenslangen funktionellen und morphologischen Augenveränderungen. Es gibt Hinweise, dass dies zu Netzhauterkrankungen im späteren Leben führen kann und es somit fetale Ursprünge für erwachsene Augenerkrankungen zu geben scheint. Dies könnte eine Bedeutung für die augenärztliche Kontrolle und deren Intervalle im Erwachsenenalter haben.
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Metadaten
Titel
Ophthalmologische Langzeitfolgen der Frühgeburtlichkeit – persistierend bis in das Erwachsenenalter
Augenentwicklung und Frühgeborenenanamnese
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. Achim Fieß
Eva Mildenberger, MD
Norbert Pfeiffer, MD
Alexander K. Schuster, MD, MSc
Publikationsdatum
02.06.2023
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 6/2023
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-023-01875-9

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